【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 谢祥财；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国工业化和城市化的不断进步,稀土采矿业也得到了相应的发展。近年来因为稀土价格的上涨,又进一步刺激了稀土矿的开采,以至于造成过度开采,最终使众多稀土矿资源枯竭,从而产生了大量的稀土废弃地。然而,稀土矿的过度开采,致使稀土废弃地产生了许多的生态环境问题。本文在此背景下,探讨南方离子型稀土废弃地治理中的生态恢复、景观建设和旅游发展模式。本文的研究对象是南方离子型稀土废弃地,运用文献研究法、实地调研法、实践研究法和归纳总结法进行综合研究。本文选取最具代表性的赣州信丰、龙南和长汀策武、河田四地做实地调查,总结四地较成功治理模式是信丰开发废弃地建成脐橙果园,龙南“猪-沼-菜(果)”的生态循环农业模式和以引入公司开发建设废弃地为银杏苗木基地、杨梅果园等,政府加大投入补贴下岗职工治理废弃地及与大学科研所建立合作的“长汀经验”,这些治理方法模式的共同点是成功把废弃地生态恢复与废弃地区域产业发展相结合,成功发展了第一产业,改变了依靠政府单一投入的治理模式,是可持续的治理模式。基于上述成功治理模式,在生态果园等第一产业基础上,本文提出废弃地依托生态农业发展旅游的模式,又稀土废弃地的生态环境和景观条件直接关系到废弃地旅游发展的效果和层次,对发展旅游具有正向促进作用,本文正是着眼于研究南方离子型稀土废弃地的景观及生态恢复,并结合景观生态恢复,研究废弃地旅游产业发展的创新模式,并进行了实例验证。全文共分为五章,第一章,首先阐述了南方离子型稀土废弃地治理的研究背景,综述了国内外研究现状,研究了国内外的著名成功案例,确定了本文的研究目标、研究内容、研究方法和技术路线；第二章,明确了南方离子型稀土废弃地的概念及特征,归纳总结出南方离子型稀土废弃地恢复治理的有关理论；第三章,调查总结南方离子型稀土废弃地存在的主要问题,并从废弃地景观生态恢复目标原则、改造模式、恢复途径、技术措施和恢复保障机制几个方面提出了南方离子型稀土废弃地的景观生态恢复治理的策略；第四章,以福建省长汀县杨梅坑稀土废弃地景观生态恢复为例,进行景观生态恢复的总体规划,使具体案例与理论分析进行实际验证；第五章,结论与展望。本文研究得出了如下方面的结论：(1)总结了国内外矿山废弃地景观生态恢复的进展,对理论研究、技术研究、实践研究和法律法规发展做出综述总结；对南方离子型稀土废弃地的相关概念和类型特征进行了归纳和总结,明晰了南方离子型稀土废弃地景观生态恢复必须的基础理论。(2)结合前人研究,通过实地调查,采取目估、归纳总结研究,筛选出适合南方离子型稀土废弃地生态恢复植物乔木马尾松、木荷、桉树等26种,灌木胡枝子、毛冬青等22种,草本草木樨、宽叶雀稗、芒萁等21种。(3)提出了以菌草技术作为稀土废弃地生态复垦方面的前景技术模式,改变以前单向投入的生态治理,把菌草技术作为一种可持续发展的、能带动农村生产发展的生态治理模式。(4)对南方离子型稀土废弃地的景观建设,从特色地形利用、废弃设施改造利用、水体景观营造三方面的提出了具体的规划设计方法措施。(5)提出南方离子型稀土废弃地发展旅游的创新模式,一是通过提炼稀土矿业精神,从稀土矿业遗迹展示,建立稀土矿业博物馆、稀土矿公园以及稀土矿水土科教园等方向发展矿业旅游；二是依托废弃地建立的生态果园,发展观光农业,进行观光采摘、农事体验等生态观光体验旅游模式；三是根据废弃地地形特色开展攀岩、定向越野、户外拓展、山地自行车等山地运动旅游模式；四是基于乡村民俗文化发展租赁农场、农家小屋、野营地等的乡村休闲度假旅游模式。(6)从地表稳固工程技术、土壤改良工程技术、植被生态复绿工程技术方面提出了适合南方离子型稀土废弃地景观生态恢复的具体工程技术措施。(7)以南方离子型稀土废弃地景观生态恢复策略为指导,对长汀县杨梅坑稀土废弃地景观生态恢复提出切实可行的规划方案,为它的后续恢复治理提供参考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of industrialization and urbanization in China, the rare earth mining industry is also prosperously developing. Because of the rare earth prices rising in recent years,it further stimulates the mining of rare earths and results in the rare earth ore’s overexploitation.lt finally makes much rare earth mineral resource exhaustion,and it results in a large number of wasted rare earth depositon. However,the rare earth mining overexploitation causes many ecological environment problems in the wasted rare earth deposit.So the paper under this context, discussing wasted ionic rare earth deposit in south china about ecological restoration of abandoned land management, landscape construction and tourism development model.This paper selects the most representative of ganzhou xinfeng, longnan and changting cewu, hetian to make on-the-spot investigation, summarizing four places’s successful governance modes,which are Xinfeng builds navel orange orchard in the waste ionic rare earth land, the longnan’s "pig-gas-vegetable (fruit)" circulation of ecological agriculture model and " changting experience" which introduction the company to develop gingko seedling base, waxberry orchard, the government investment in governance, subsidies laid-off workers in abandoned land of governance and building cooperation with university scientific research.What the similarity of these motheds and modes is they take ecological restoration and regional industry development of waste land with combination,and developing the primary industry,changing the model which just relying on the government’s input and they are the sustainable governance model.Relying on successful governance model which talks above, on the basis of ecological orchard first industry, this paper puts forward land relying on tourism development model of ecological agriculture, and what’s more the ecological environment and landscape of wastelands in rare earth condition directly related to the effects and level of tourism development, and it plays a positive role in promoting the tourism, this paper aims to study the landscape and ecological recovery of waste ionic rare earth lands, and combining with the landscape ecological restoration, researching the innovation of the tourism industry development mode, and example verification.This paper consists of7chapters.Chapter1, mainly talks about the background of south ionic rare earth land management, summarizes the research status at home and abroad, studies the famous successful cases at home and abroad, identified in this paper, the research objectives, research contents, research methods and technical route; Chapter2, making clear the concept and characteristics of the wasted ionic rare earth deposit in south China,and summarizing the related restoration theory of the wasted ionic rare earth deposit in south China. Chapter3, surveying and summarizing the main problems of abandoned lands of southern ionic rare earth, and from the principles of landscape ecological restoration target, the approach to restore the transformation pattern and guarantee mechanism, technical measures and restore several aspects put forward the south the management strategies of ionic type rare earth’s landscape ecological restoration.Chapter4, taking Yangmeikeng wasted rare earth ore area landscape ecological restoration in Changting County of Fujian Province as an example, make master planning of landscape ecological restoration,put forward opinion and suggestion, and making specific cases and theoretical analysis for actual test and verify.Chapter5, conclusion and prospection.Through the research, this paper comes to three conclusions:(1)Summarizing the progress of Landscape and Ecology Restoration of the south ionic rare earth land. making summary of the theory research, technology research, practical research and the development of laws and regulations; Induction and summary the relevant concepts of wastelands of south ionic rare earth, types,and characteristics clearing the basic theory of south ionic rare earth landscape ecological restoration. (2) Combining with previous studies and throughing field survey, and adopting ocular estimation and summarized research, selects suitable plants kinds for the southern ionic rare earth ecological restoration,26species of arbor plants such as pinus massoniana, schima superba, and eucalyptus;22species of shrub plants such as lespedeza, pubescent Holly root;21species of herbage such as sweet clover, the broad leaf finches tares, dicranopteris dichotoma and other.(3) Proposed JunCao technology as the prospects technology mode of rare earth land ecological reclamation, changing previons the one-way input ecological management, the JunCao technology as a kind of sustainable development, can drive the development of rural production pattern of ecological management.(4) On the landscape construction of wastelands in southern ionic rare earth, from the special terrain and upgrading, waste utilization, the water landscape construction three aspects proposed the concrete planning and design method of measures.(5) Putting forward innovation modes of the development of tourism in waste southern ionic rare earth lands,first is by extracting rare earth mining spirit, from rare earth mining relics show,building rare earth ore mining museum and rare earth ore mining parks, rare earth ore mining water and soil science park as tourism development direction,Second is developing tourism agriculture based on a land ecological orchard which builded on the waste land,and developing ecological sightseeing picking, farming experience as the ecological and experience tourism mode;third is developing mountain sports tourism mode which carried out according to land terrain characteristics such as rock climbing, orienteering, outdoor expansion and mountain biking;Fourth is rural leisure vacation travel patterns which based on the farmer’s house, and so on rural folk culture development of.(6) From a solid surface engineering technology, engineering, soil vegetation ecological complex green engineering technology is proposed for the south ionic rare earth landscape ecological restoration engineering measures.(7) Taking landscape and ecology restoration strategy of wasted ionic rare earth deposit in south China as a guide, and puting forward feasible measures to Changtingyangmeikeng wasted rare earth landscape ecological restoration, providing the reference for the subsequent restoration.更多还原