【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 菅复春；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 预防兽医学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 寄生虫病是养殖业中常见的一种慢性、隐蔽性、消耗性疾病，尤其是在草食动物中，因其相应的耐受性强，患病动物往往不表现明显的临床症状，因此，没能引起人们的重视。但其潜在的经济损失很大。贾第虫病是由贾第虫引起的一种人兽共患性原虫病，主要寄生于宿主小肠、十二指肠、胆囊等部位，可引起腹痛、腹泻和慢性吸收障碍等症状，是人类和哺乳动物肠道感染的常见寄生虫之一，主要通过人和动物、水、食物等之间的接触传播，给人类和养殖业带来巨大损失。为了解河南省兔和肉牛寄生虫感染情况和流行特征，笔者从2012年6月到2012年11月，对河南省17个地区30个养兔场和3个牛场的寄生虫感染情况进行了调查，并应用基于TPI基因的巢氏PCR方法对感染的兔贾第虫进行了种类鉴定和种系发育研究。1．为了解河南省部分地区兔和牛寄生虫感染情况和流行特征，应用饱和蔗糖漂浮法和卢戈氏碘液染色法对河南省郑州、荥阳、开封、兰考、商丘、济源、洛阳、周口、西华、许昌、鄢陵、安阳、滑县、内黄、濮阳、民权、灵宝17个地区30个养兔场和3个牛场的寄生虫感染情况进行了调查。本次共采集1371份兔粪便样品和460份牛粪样，检出兔寄生虫阳性粪样1008份，总感染率为73.52%。共查到5种肠道寄生虫，1种体外寄生虫，分别为：球虫、贾第虫、圆线虫、拴尾线虫、阿米巴和螨虫。其中以球虫感染率最高，为47.32%，贾第虫感染率为1.09%，圆线虫感染率为24.28%，拴尾线虫感染率为2.91%，阿米巴原虫感染率为7%，螨虫感染率为3.42%；460份牛粪便样品共检出寄生虫阳性粪样328份，总感染率为71.3%。共查到7种肠道寄生虫，1种体外寄生虫。分别为：阿米巴、线虫、球虫、鞭虫、双腔吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫、安氏隐孢子虫和牛毛虱。其中以阿米巴感染率最高，为57.17%，线虫感染率为34.34%，球虫感染率为18.04%、鞭虫感染率为4.78%，双腔吸虫感染率为3.91%，莫尼茨绦虫感染率为1.73%，安氏隐孢子虫感染率为0.21%，牛毛虱感染率为19.13%；发现15份兔粪样为贾第虫阳性，总感染率为1.09%。结果表明，贾第虫感染率与兔日龄呈负相关，其感染率的高低饲养模式也有很大关系。2．为掌握兔源贾第虫的遗传特征，对获得的15份兔贾第虫阳性样品进行基于TPI的巢氏PCR特异性扩增，15份样品全部扩增出特异性产物，产物序列长度约为530bp。对扩增出的15个兔源贾第虫分离株的序列进行测序，并在NCBI核酸序列数据库进行同源序列搜索，应用Clustal X2.1、DNAStar等生物学软件对序列进行比对、同源性分析及构建分子进化树。结果表明，15个兔源分离株均属于贾第虫集聚体B。其中，有8株贾第虫分离株属于WB10基因型，有5株分离株属于B4基因型，有2株分离株属于B7基因型。贾第虫病是危害人类健康的10种主要寄生虫病之一，集聚体B为人兽共患基因型，本研究结果表明我省兔贾第虫的流行具有重要的公共卫生意义。本研究为河南兔和牛寄生虫病的防控提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Parasitic disease is a significant chronic, debilitating illness in the breeding. They can causediarrhea, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, even life-threatening, particularly inimmunocompromised animals. Most of them are zoonotic, which can be transmitted between thehumans and the animals most by the fecal-oral route. Therefore, the parasitic disease has been a concernas a certain potential threat to human health. In the parasitic disease that can cause diarrhea, Giardiaduodenalis is the common cause. Giardiasis is a profuse, chronic disease which has a broad range ofhosts and can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route, via either direct contact or ingestion ofcontaminated food or water. Giardia is one of the parasit e which has a threaten on public health andanimals. In order to understand rabbit and beef cattle infection condition and epidemiologicalcharacteristics of Giardia duodenalis in Henan Province, samples of fresh stool obtained from30rabbitand3beef farmers from17different cities were detected for cysts of Giardia duodenalis by microscopeafter Lugol’s iodine staining and saturated sucrose solution from June2012to November2012. Todetermine genotype or subtype of positive Giardia duodenalis samples, the author performed asequenced-based analysis based on the triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) gene.1. To study the prevelance and character of the all intestinal parasites on rabbit and cattle in Henanprovince,1371fresh rabbit stool samples from30rabbit farmers and460species from3beef herds from17different cities were collected including, Zhengzhou, Xingyang, Kaifeng, Lankao, Shangqiu, Jiyuan,Luoyang, Zhoukou, Xihua, Xuchang, Yanling, Anyang, Huaxian, Neihuang, Puyang, Minquan, Lingbao.1008rabbit fecal specimens were parasite positive, the total infection rate of the intestinal parasit was73.52%(1008/1371) there were six parasites, Coccidia，Giardia, Strongylid, Passalurus ambiguusAmoeba, Mite. and with the Coccidia highest infection rate of47.32%, Giardia, Strongylid, Passalurusambiguus Amoeba, Mite infection rate was1.09%,24.28%,2.91%,7%,3.42%respectively.328out of460cattle fecal specimens were parasite positive, the total infection rate of the intestinal parasit was73.52%, there were seven parasites, Coccidia，Giardia, Strongylid, Whipworm, Dicrocoelid, MnieziaAmoeba, Cryptosporidium andersioni, Damalinia bovis, and with the Amoeba highest infection rate of57.17%, Strongylid, Coccidia, Whipworm, Dicrocoelid, Mniezia, Cryptosporidium andersioni,Damalinia bovis, Giardia infection rate was34.34%，18.04%,4.78%,3.91%,1.73%,0.21%,19.13%,1.09%respectively. The result showed that, show a negative relation between infection ratees and age ofrabbits. 2. In order to know the genetic characteristics of Giardia isolates，15positive samples were PCRbased on TPI loci with530bp fragments. The PCR products were sequenced, blasted on online databaseNCBI, performed sequence alignment with Clustal X2.1, and construct the evolution tree withDNASTAR, the result showed15isolates were assemblage B,8samples belonged to WB10genotype,5sample were B4genotype, and2samples were B7genotype.Giardia is an important parasite of10species which harm people’s health, assemblage B is thezoonitc genotype. The study showed Giardia isolated from rabbit has an important public healthimplications. The results provide some references for parasite control of cattle and rabbits in Henanprovince.更多还原