【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 牟洪香；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以燕山地区华北落叶松人工林为研究对象，采用标准地调查法，利用解析木数据，采用数量化理论I，找出了影响华北落叶松人工林生长的主导立地因子，对该地区立地类型进行划分，得到8种立地类型；利用得到的主导立地因子，采用控制其他变量，分析单一变量对因变量影响的研究方法，分别研究了海拔、坡向和土层厚度三个立地因子对华北落叶松人工林生长的影响；利用生长曲线拟合的方法，得到了不同立地类型下华北落叶松人工林的生长模型，并分析了其生长过程；最后，在生长模型的研究中引入了代表区域特征的哑变量，来解决不同地区模型不相容的问题，建立整个大区域范围内林木生长模型。研究结果如下：（1）根据燕山北部山区地形特点，应用数量化理论Ⅰ筛选出影响华北落叶松人工林生长的立地因子，得出各立地因子对华北落叶松人工林立地指数影响由大到小的顺序为：海拔>坡向>土层厚度>坡位>坡度。由此可见，海拔、坡向和土层厚度是影响华北落叶松人工林立地质量的主导因子，而坡度和坡位的影响相对较小。根据综合多因子与主导因子相结合的原则，确定采用海拔高度划分立地类型区，采用坡向划分立地类型组，采用土层厚度划分立地类型，最终对所调查的林分划分为8种立地类型。（2）海拔对华北落叶松人工林胸径和单株材积生长影响较大，而对树高生长影响较小，林分胸径和单株材积随海拔的增高而增大；坡向对华北落叶松人工林林分生长影响较大，特别是在30年以后，阴坡上华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高和单株材积的平均生长量要明显好于阳坡；土层厚度对华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高和单株材积都有不同程度的影响，土层越厚，胸径和单株材积生长量明显增大，但树高生长量增幅没有特别明显。（3）利用常用的生长模型对每一种立地类型的华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高和单株材积生长过程进行拟合并检验，然后通过生长曲线来分析林木生长规律，初步得出华北落叶松人工林在此立地类型下的数量成熟龄。（4）基于哑变量方法建立了隆化林管局、木兰围场林管局、塞罕坝机械林场3个地区华北落叶松人工林的胸径、树高、材积生长模型。结果表明：含有哑变量的Schumacher模型对华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高生长过程的拟合效果最好，决定系数R2分别达到了0.9941和0.9929，残差平方和分别为4.7339和6.8849；含有哑变量的二次函数对华北落叶松人工林的材积生长过程拟合最好，决定系数R2为0.9928，残差平方和为0.0023。通过对所建立生长模型的适应性检验，结果表明残差分布比较均匀，预估精度都达到95%以上，说明模型的预估效果比较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper selected Larix princips-rupprechtii plantations as study example inYanshan region. Using sample plot survey methods and analytical trees. First, find out thedominant site factors of affect the growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations withquantity theory and then divided the site types. Obtain the growth models of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantations under the different site types with growth Curve fittingand then analyzed the growth process.Second, used the predominant factors and controlledother variables, analyzed the influence of a single variable on the dependent variable forstudying the influence of altitude、aspect and soil thickness to Larix princips-rupprechtiiplantations.Finally, on behalf of the regional characteristics of dummy variable isintroduced in the study of growth models to solve the problem of incompatible between thedifferent models in different Regions.And then established the growth models of the largeregional scale.（1）According to the features of northern Yanshan area, we screened out thedominant site factors affectting the growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations,withthe application of quantitative theory Ⅰ. We draw on affecting Index of each site factorson Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in descending order that altitude> aspect> soilthickness> slope position> gradient. This shows that altitude, aspect and soil thicknesswere the dominant factors which influenced site quality of larix principis-rupprechtiiplantations, while the effects of slope position and gradient were relatively small.According to the principle of combining comprehensive factors and main factor, wedefined that altitude is chosen to divide the site facility, aspect is chosen to divide the sitetype groups, soil thickness is chosen to divide the site type. Finally, The studied forests ofYanshan region have been divided into8site types.（2）The effects of altitude on the growth of DBH and individual volume of larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantations were great and the DBH and individual volume increasedwith the increasing of altitude, but there is little effect on height growth. Slope had agreater impact on the growth of larix principis-rupprechtii plantations, especially30yearslater, average growth of DBH, height and individual volume of larix principis-rupprechtiiplantations in Shady were significantly better than in sunny; Soil thickness had differentdegrees of impact on DBH,height and individual volume. The thicker the soil, the DBH and individual volume increased significantly, but the amount of increase in height growthis not particularly evident.（3）Using common larch plantation growth model, the growth of DBH, tree heightand individual volume of larix principis-rupprechtii plantations for each site type weretested to be merged, and then analyzed the Tree Growth Law according to the growthcurve and we draw a preliminary conclusion about the number mature age of larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantations in this site type.(4) The growth models of DBH, tree height and volume were established based ondummy variable in the three regions.The results showed that the dummy variableSchumacher equation was the best model of the DBH and tree height, the determinationcoefficient R2respectively achieved0.9941,0.9929；residual sum of squares achieved4.7339,6.8849；dummy variable quadratic function was the best model of the volume, withthe determination coefficient R20.9928, the residual sum of squares0.002323. With theindependent test of established models，the results showed that the residuals distributedequality and the accuracy was above95%. It meant that the estimate effect of the modelswere better.更多还原