低碳经济背景下我国政府经济职能转变研究

【作者】 赵鹏；

【导师】 祁勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 政府经济职能是政府职能中最历久弥新的一项职能。从亚当·斯密的“自由放任理论”到20世纪30年代的凯恩斯主义“国家干预”理论的出世，从货币学派和供给学派的“市场自由论”到新的国家干预理论的出现，市场经济中政府的作用，经过了一个循环往复的过程。现在，大部分学者都已经承认国家干预与市场机制处在同等重要的位置上，而研究的重点就慢慢集中到政府经济职能的选择上以及政府干预的方式、范围和程度。低碳经济是未来世界经济的发展的方向，低碳经济追究其根本，其本质就是一种可持续发展的理念，利用科学技术、制度和能源创新，减少煤炭和石油这些高污染、高能耗的能源的使用，以此来控制温室气体的排放，实现一种经济发展与生态保护并行的双规发展模式。具体来说的话，目前的这种模式有低碳技术、低碳产业体系以及低碳能源系统等等。进行低碳经济的发展是我国未来经济的必然选择，也是提高我国综合国力的重要举措。而相对于政府职能，尤其是政府的经济职能，必须坚持与时俱进，才能不断的推动低碳经济的发展，而所谓的政府经济职能，其实就是国家为了更好的发展经济，对经济活动进行宏观调控，统筹管理的一系列职能。我国政府作为最高的行政权力机构，是制定宏观发展战略的主体，策略选择的正确与否直接影响着经济体制和企业生产的环境的好坏。鼓励和发展低碳经济不仅需要国家的政策支持，更加需要地方政府充分发挥好自身的经济职能，目前，在我国，政府的经济职能是一直运作的，政府部门拥有公共权力，他们利用这部分权力制定一系列的规则制度限制个人和组织的行为，在一定程度上，政府甚至可以调控这些个体的行为。同时为了维护市场的秩序，政府需要一些相关的法律法规，政府维护市场秩序的职能主要表现在保护合法产权、完善法制建设、理顺利益关系等方面。再就是政府通过经济职能，还可以为社会提供公共物品，所有社会成员都可以享受政府提供的集体消费品。尽管政府经济职能的运行取得了可观成绩，但是就目前的情况发展下去，是跟不上时代的步伐的，对于我国政府来说，必须要建立一套可以持久创新的经济职能机制，而这一机制将会是未来几年国家政府部门重视的工作点。因此，调整我国低碳经济发展的总体战略目标，积极转变我国政府经济职能配合低碳经济的高速发展是势在必行的。其中战略目标包括：建立能源战略储备体系，全面保障能源安全；到本世纪末，建成环境友好型，社会主义和谐的低碳社会；到本世纪中叶，低碳经济模式建立，成为我国主流经济发展模式。而政府如何转变经济职能配合低碳经济发展，则需要分别从政府与市场的关系、政策法规、地方碳交易市场机制、节能减排以及市场监管等五个方面入手，全面转变政府经济职能，来推动我国低碳经济的发展，这样既可以达到国家可持续发展的目的，也能为中国特色社会主义建设提供长久的推动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Government economic function is a function of government functions in the most timeless.From Adam Smith’s "laissez-faire theory" to the birth of Keynesianism in the1930s "Stateintervention" theory, from monetarist and supply-siders "free market theory" to the emergenceof new theories of state intervention, market economy the role of the government, after aniterative process. Now, most scholars have acknowledged state intervention and marketmechanisms in the equally important position, and slowly concentrated focus of the study to thegovernment’s economic functions and how the choice of government intervention, the scopeand extent.Low-carbon economy is the future direction of the world economy, the low-carboneconomy in fact refers to the role of the concept of sustainable development, by means ofsystems, technology and energy innovation, reduce coal, oil fundamentally high energyconsumption, high polluting energy use, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieveeconomic development and ecological protection dual track model of economic development.Specifically including low-carbon energy systems, low-carbon technologies and low-carbonindustrial system and so on. Development of low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice ofChina’s economic future, but also an important measure to improve China’s comprehensivenational strength. And with respect to the functions of the government, especially in theeconomic functions of government, we must adhere to the times, in order to continue topromote the development of low-carbon economy, the government’s economic functions ofgovernment is to develop the national economy, to carry out the functions of social andeconomic life overall management. As the highest executive authority of the government is toformulate the main macroeconomic development strategy, strategic choice is correct or notdirectly affect the quality of the economic system and production environment.Encourage and develop policies to support low-carbon economy requires not only thecountry, more needs to give full play to their own local government economic functions, atpresent, the government is continuing the operation of the economic functions of governmentuse of public power system through the development of certain rules to limit personal and organizational behavior to some extent, even the government can regulate the behavior of theseindividuals. Meanwhile, in order to maintain an orderly market, the government needs somerelevant laws and regulations, government maintain market order functions mainly in theprotection of legitimate property rights, improve the legal system, rationalize the interests ofrelations. Then the government through economic functions, but also that community toprovide public goods, all members of society can enjoy the collective consumer goodsprovided by the government. Despite the economic functions of running the government hasmade considerable achievements, but the present situation continues, the pace is behind thetimes, for our government, it may be necessary to establish a mechanism for sustainedeconomic functions of innovation, this mechanism the next few years will be the focus of ourgovernment work.Therefore, the adjustment of China’s overall strategic objectives of low-carbon economicdevelopment, positive change in our government’s economic functions with high-speedlow-carbon economy is imperative. Strategic objectives which include: the establishment of astrategic reserve of energy system, which ensures energy security; to the end of the century,built environment-friendly, low carbon socialist harmonious society; into the middle of thecentury, to build a low-carbon economy has become the mainstream of China’s economicdevelopment model. And how the transformation of government functions with the economicdevelopment of low-carbon economy, you need from the relationship between government andthe market, policies and regulations, local carbon market mechanisms, energy conservationand market regulators are five aspects, comprehensive economic transformation of governmentfunctions, to promote the development of China’s low-carbon economy, which is not only therequirements of sustainable development, but also an inevitable choice for the construction ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics.更多还原