【作者】 王颖；

【导师】 杨金才；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 英语语言文学（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 发表于1968年的《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》是美国科幻大师菲利普·迪克的一部经典作品,深受读者和评论家的喜爱。这部作品完成的年代正值美国反文化运动方兴未艾之时,作者迪克对这群叛逆的青年人报以了极大的同情。巧合的是,在这一背景下诞生的作品,充满了关于跨国垄断组织,高压政府和娱乐工业的描述,使人不禁联想,这部作品从一开始就饱含了政治层面的影射。“技术”是这部科幻小说的另一个关键词。以往对这部作品的研究对“技术在小说中的作用存在分歧——“技术”在小说中到底是一股破坏性的还是建设性的力量。正因如此,有必要进一步探究这部小说中的“技术”元素。根据德国哲学家赫伯特·马尔库塞的观点,所谓技术的中立性只不过是一个神话。技术已经发展成为一套合理化的体系,能为这一体系最具破坏性和压制性的特征进行辩护和开脱。这一体系,被马尔库塞称作“技术理性”。因此,对这部小说中“技术”的研究不应仅仅包括具体的技术设备或手段,而应进一步探究其如何逐渐潜入精神领域,改变人类的思维方式。对小说中“技术”的研究需要包括对技术理性这一概念的研究才更完善并且有说服力。在这一背景下,这篇论文将主要探讨技术,尤其是技术理性这一概念在小说中的表现。并且,因为以往的研究鲜有关注技术和小说政治隐喻之间的联系,本篇论文旨在填补这一空缺,探讨技术和统治在这部小说中的关系。本篇论文试图从马尔库塞“技术理性”这一概念出发,探讨技术理性在《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》这部小说中三方面的体现,及其如何使统治变得合理。这三方面分别是数量化和抽象化过程,独特性的销蚀,以及不受挫原则。论文首先分析了数量化和抽象化的过程如何影响到动物,人类以及仿生人,并使统治变得合理。紧接着,论文转向独特性的销蚀带来的后果——沉寂,无尽的复制和隐性权威,以及这些后果与统治间的关联。最后,论文集中分析了不受挫原则如何通过情绪控制器,电视节目和日常消费表现出来,并使统治合理化。论文揭示了,在技术理性的影响下,事物如何被数量化,抽象化和标准化,以至于更容易被控制;小说中的人物如何被逐渐机械化,对自己的身份感到模糊；跨国公司和政府如何合谋控制大众。最终,在这部科幻小说中,通过技术理性的作用,统治己被内化而非强加于民众之上,其最具压迫性的特征也由此显得合理和公正。更多还原

【Abstract】 Published in1968, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is considered as a masterpiece of the science fiction genre by critics and readers alike. The novel is written at the height of the counter-cultural "Flower Power" revolution, and the fact that its author, Philip K. Dick, deeply sympathizes with the revolutionary lefties gave the novel a definite political charge. Portrayal of international monopolies, oppressive government bureaucracies and hypnotizing entertainment industry are abundant in the novel. Therefore, it is highly relevant to delve into the political dimension of this novel, especially the issue of domination.Furthermore, previous studies manifests a regrettable confusion toward the role of technology in this book. Some critics hold nearly opposite views of the function of technology in this novel-whether it is a destructive force or a constructive one. Hence, how exactly technology operates in the novel is a question worth considering. According to German philosopher Herbert Marcuse, the so-called neutrality of technology is only a myth. Technology has already developed into a "rational enterprise", one that rationalizes even the most oppressive and destructive features of domination. This rational enterprise, in Marcuse’s terms, is called technological rationality. Therefore, a study of technology in this novel should not only include specific technological devices but also how technology infiltrates into human mentality, namely the functioning of technological rationality. No plausible arguments can be made about the role of technology without discussing the functioning of technological rationality in the novel.In light of such context, this thesis will mainly focus on the role of technology, specifically the role of "technological rationality" in the novel, and its relation with domination. The thesis utilizes Marcuse’s definition of "technological rationality" as the starting point of argument, attempting to explore how technological rationality justifies the legitimacy of domination in this novel, by giving analysis to the three ways in which it affects our perception of the world, namely the process of quantification and abstractification, dissolution of particularities and the principle of nonfrustration.The thesis first discusses how the process of quantification and abstractification influences animals, humans and androids, and how it serves to rationalize the state’s domination Then, it shifts its focus to the results brought about by dissolution of particularity, which are silence, countless replication and anonymous authority. They all serve to ensure a domination that is ever more complete. The last part explores the three aspects through which the principle of nonfrustration is manifested, namely the Penfield Mood Organ, TV shows and consumption. The principle of nonfrustration negates people’s ability or even desire to protest, pushing them further into the abyss of passivity and obedience.To sum up, the thesis displays specifically how under the influence of technological rationality, everything is quantified, abstractified and standardized to become easier to be controlled; how humans in the novel are gradually mechanized and uncertain about their own identities; how international corporation and government gain control over the mass, stripped them of their individualities. Ultimately, through the functioning of technological rationality, domination is internalized rather than forced upon, justifying even the most oppressive features of the ruling system.更多还原