【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 敖长金；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 养殖， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 氮是动物需要的必需营养元素,大量研究数据表明奶牛排泄出的粪尿及一些排泄物含氮过量,就会对空气、水体和土壤造成严重的污染,同时,大量的氮排放到环境中也造成了浪费并会增加饲养成本。本试验是在相同的日粮基础上,通过添加不同的微生态制剂产品来研究不同微生态制剂对高产泌乳奶牛尿氮、粪氮和乳中氮含量的影响。试验采用3个重复的4×4拉丁方试验设计,选择健康的经产2-3胎的荷斯坦奶牛12头,按照体重、年龄、产奶量、胎次将其分为4组,饲喂4种等能等氮水平、添加不同的微生态制剂,分别饲喂酵母培养物制剂40g/头/d、酵母活菌制剂20g/头/d、乳酸菌与芽孢杆菌等复合菌制剂5g/头/d和米曲霉分泌物制剂40g/头／d,整个试验期共52d,每期13d,第1d-第10d为过渡期,第1ld-第13d为样品收集期,分别采集牛奶、尿液及粪便样品,用于测定乳氮、尿液总磷、尿液总氮、尿液氨氮、尿液pH值、尿能、粪便有机质、粪便全氮、粪便全磷、粪总能、粪便含水率等指标。结果表明：1、四种微生态制剂对乳糖率、乳体细胞数、乳脂率、乳蛋白率及乳总固体的影响差异均不显著(p>0.05)。2、米曲霉制剂对提高粪能、降低尿中磷、乳中体细胞数和粪中全氮含量的影响显著(p<0.05)。3、酵母活菌制剂对降低粪磷、尿氨态氮和尿氮的影响有一定显著效果(p<0.05),还能够有效的提高泌乳奶牛乳脂率和粪能的含量。4、乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌复合制剂对粪含水率和粪中有机质影响显著(p<0.05),还可提高乳中固体物的含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nitrogen is the essential nutrient for animals. A multitude of studies show that urine, feces and other excrement containing excessive nitrogen excreted by dairy cows are able to pollute air, water and soil. Meanwhile, too much nitrogen which is discharged into environment cause waste and increase the cost of feeding.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different probiotics on urinary nitrogen, fecal nitrogen and milk nitrogen in lactating dairy cows.12 Chinese Holstein in early lactation (parity 2-3) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design. Treatments were fed basal diet and provided four different probiotics:1) yeast culture,40g/d; 2) yeast bacteria,20g/d; 3) compound preparation of lactobacillus and bacillus,5g/d; 4) secretion of aspergillus,40g/d. The experiment lasted for 52 days with 13 days each period. During each period, the prelimitary period was on day 1 to day 10 followed by three-day sampling period. During the three-day sampling periods, milk, urine and faeces were collected twice daily for analysing milk nitrogen content, total nitrogen of urine, ammoniacal nitrogen of urine, pH of urine, urinary energy, organic matter of faeces, total nitrogen of faeces and water content of faeces. Results show that:(1) Four probiotics had no significant influence on milk fat content, milk protein content, SCC, milk lactose content and milk total solid content;(2) Fecal energy was increased by providing secretion of aspergillus, which decreased total phosphorus of urine, SCC and total nitrogen of faeces significantly (P <0.05);(3) Yeast bacteria decreased the fecal phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen of urine and total nitrogen of urine (P< 0.05). Furthermore, it increased milk content and content of fecal energy;(4) Compound preparation of lactobacillus and bacillus could significantly influence water content of faeces and organic matter of faeces (P< 0.05), and increase total milk solids content.更多还原