【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 林晶；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 人的“主体性”问题一直是哲学研究中一个不可忽视的重要课题。人类迈入21世纪以来,科学技术的迅速发展和生产力水平的不断提高,人们在享受着现代化所带来的丰裕物质的同时,也不得不面临着现代化带来的一系列负面产物。诸如生态环境恶劣、人类生存发展受到危机;人际关系冷漠、人与人的关系被物的关系所遮盖以及物质至上主义使人的发展变得越来越“单向度”和“片面化”。这些问题的出现,让我们不得不对人的“主体性”问题做深入的探究。现代西方哲学思潮中对人的主体性认知也不尽相同,后现代主义哲学家们提倡“消解”人的主体性,认为“主体性的黄昏”已经到来。人的主体性真的已经发展到应该被放逐的地步了?那么,在当前的中国社会,人的“主体性”是需要弘扬还是消解?如果消解,那么消解的是哪种“主体性”?如果弘扬,又该如何掌握这个张力呢?笔者认为,人的主体性问题是事关当代人类发展的重要课题,值得我们不断的思考和研究。因此,对马克思主体性思想的研究就具有非常重要的现实意义。人的主体性问题是马克思哲学中的一条红线,贯穿其全部主要著作中。因此,本文立足于马克思早期的经典著作,阐释和论述其早期文本中的主体性思想并揭示其理论意义和现实意义。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分:主要阐述马克思《博士论文》和《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的人的“主体性”思想。在这两部著作中,马克思的主体性思想还深受黑格尔以及青年黑格尔派的“自我意识”和费尔巴哈的“类本质”的影响,所以这部分主要对“抽象的主体性”进行论述。第二部分:主要阐述马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中对主体性思想的表述和他与恩格斯合著的《德意志意识形态》中的主体性思想深入研究,揭示了这一时期马克思对人的主体性的认识发生了革命性的变革,从“抽象主体性”走向了“具体主体性”。第三部分:主要是从横向角度深入阐述马克思主体性思想的内在建构,其中包含对人的主体性的前提存在“主体”的论述和人的主体性的具体内容的论述。第四部分:主要论述马克思主体性思想对西方哲学“主体性”困境的破解及其主体性思想的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Subjectivity of human beings has long been an important issue which can never be ignored in the field of philosophy. Since 21 st century, technology and science develop rapidly and progress have been made on productive forces. People are enjoying the abundant materials brought about by modernization as well as facing a series of problems. Environmental deterioration is threatening our lives; Alienation, materialization and money worship have worsened the relationship within people and made us more and more "one-dimensional" and "one-sided." The emergence of these problems warned us to ponder human "subjectivity".In the modern West, postmodernism philosophers advocated "digestion" of human subjectivity and proposed that "the Twilight of subjectivity" has arrived. Has human subjectivity already grown to the point that should be banished? And when it comes to the current Chinese, "subjectivity" need to be developed or digested? If we go for digestion, which kind of "subjectivity" are we aiming at? Or if we opt to development, how to use appropriate dynamics? I believe the answers of those questions and subjectivity matter with the contemporary development of mankind and are worthy of constantly thinking and researching.Therefore, the study of Marx’s thought on the subject has a very important practical significance.Human subjectivity is a red clue of Marxist philosophy, throughout its main works. Therefore, this essay will elaborate and argue human subjectivity based on Marx’s early classics and reveal its theoretical and practical significance. The paper is divided into four parts:Part I: Mainly elaborates the subjectivity in “Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation” and “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844”. In these two works, Marx’s thoughts were still deeply influenced by Hegel and Hegelians’ ‘self-awareness’ and Feuerbach’s "class nature", so this part mainly focus on “abstract subjectivity”.Part II: Mainly expounds the subjectivity in “On the outline of Feuerbach” and “Garmen Ideology” which co-authored by Marx and Engels.Works at that time revealed Marx’s cognition on human subjectivity had revolutionized from ‘abstract subjectivity’ to ‘concrete subjectivity’.Part III: Mainly illustrate in detail the internal construction of the Marxist subjectivity breadth wise, which includes exposition of the very prerequisite and specific content of human subjectivity.Part IV: Mainly focus on how did Marxist subjectivity lead Western Philosophy on this project as an icebreaker and its practical significance.更多还原