【作者】 张彬；

【导师】 汪成法；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 余华是中国当代文学中首屈一指的作家,他在先锋文学和转型后都曾创作出独具风格的作品。从80年代末开始,批评家对余华小说的研究日渐丰富,严肃深刻的主题与灵活多变的形式成了学界研究的重点,但在修辞上,现有的研究仍然不够充分,存在进一步探索的空间。本文即以余华的小说创作为研究基础,用小说修辞学的理论框架,从具体的修辞技巧、影响因素以及修辞效果三个方面对其进行研究。论文主要分为五个部分。引言介绍了余华在中国当代文学史上的地位,小说修辞的概念,学界对余华小说修辞研究的现状和不足之处,以及本文将从哪些方面对余华小说修辞进行研究。第一章介绍的是余华小说的宏观修辞技巧,以李建军在《小说修辞研究》中对修辞技巧的划分为理论基础,主要从叙述视点的灵活多变、距离控制上的前后反差、冷漠的展示和温情的讲述四个方面进行阐述。第二章详细分析了影响余华小说修辞的因素,包括余华的创作观、余华的个人经历、余华所处的时代背景。先锋时期的余华喜欢用一种虚伪的形式表现真实,这些虚伪的形式影响了他对小说修辞的选择,在转型后,余华对作品中人物和事物的态度逐渐缓和,他的修辞方式也随之改变；童年经历构成了余华整个创作的基础,决定了余华小说创作的大致走向；时代背景则促进了余华对修辞方法的积极探索。这些因素多从余华的个人随笔以及访谈中总结而出,其中创作观念直接决定了余华对小说修辞的选择,个人经历和时代背景起到的是间接作用,但它的效力却更加长久且具有不可抗性。第三章主要分析了余华小说的宏观修辞效果,限于篇幅,本文只从主题效果和道德效果两个方面入手。在第一节中,本文力求用修辞学理论把余华小说中出现的主题融合到一起,以此把握其主题的演变,从整体上看,先锋时期的余华小说主题都具有理念统摄形象的效果,无论是暴力与血腥、命运或时间,它们都是作者对世界的真实结构的表达,在转型后,余华小说主题效果相对和谐一些,作品的内容和形式能够统一起来；在第二节中,本文详细阐述了余华先锋时期和转型后小说中的不同的道德效果,先锋时期余华因其对暴力和血腥的迷恋,以及对世界的逻辑结构的痴迷,小说中并无明确的道德倾向,转型后余华的小说变得温情起来,作品中充满了同情,然而到了21世纪,《兄弟》却是一篇不道德的小说。结语部分总结了余华小说修辞研究的意义和启示,本文的亮点是从宏观的视野,从作家的角度把握余华的小说创作,这就把余华所有的小说有机地整合在一起,从而发现它们的共通之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese contemporary literature,Yu hua is second to none, in the vanguard literature and after his transformation, Yu hua has created many works with unique style. Since the beginning of late 80 s, the critic research of Yu hua’s novels has increased property, the theme is serious and profound,the form is flexible,they became the focus of academic research, but on the rhetoric, the existing research is still inadequate, so there is space to explore further. This paper is based on the research of Yu hua’s novel creation, using novel rhetoric theory as frame, from three aspects to study:the concrete rhetorical skills, influence factors and the rhetorical effect.The paper mainly divided into five parts. The introduction part introduces Yuhua’s position in the history of contemporary Chinese literature, the concept of novel rhetoric, the status quo and problems of Yuhua’s novel rhetoric research, and the aspects of Yuhua’s novel rhetoric research which this paper will study. The first is the novels’s macroscopic rhetoric skills of Yu hua, it uses The Research of Novel Rhetoric which written by Lijianjun as theoretical basis, he divides the rhetoric skills detailedly in this book. This chapter mainly expounds four aspects,including flexible perspective,the significant difference between distance control:in the front and rear,indifference of display and warmth narration. The second chapter analyzes the factors which influence the rhetoric of Yu hua’s novels, including yu hua’s literary view, yu hua’s personal experiences and yu hua’s era background. Yuhua likes to use the form of hypocrisy expressing truth during his pioneer period, these forms of hypocrisy affect his choice for novel rhetoric, after his transformation, Yuhua relaxes his attitude, his rhetoric also changed with it. The childhood exoerience is basics of Yuhua’s literary creation, it decided his direction, also, the background of times promoted Yuhua’s exploration actively for rhetoric methods. these factors summaried most from Yu hua’s personal essays and his interviews,among these factors, the creating concept directly determines Yu hua’s choice of novel rhetoric, personal experience and era background have the indirect effect, but its effectiveness will continue for a long time and it has no resistance. The third chapter mainly analyzes the macro rhetorical effect of Yu hua’s novels, limited to space, this chapter mainly includes the theme effect and moral effect two aspects, in the first section, to grasp the evolution of the theme, this paper tries to use rhetoric theory to fuse the themes which have appeared in Yu hua’s novels, from an overall perspective during his pioneer period, the theme of Yuhua’s novels have effects which the ideas is stronger than image, no matter the bloodshed and violence, or the fate and time, they are all the world’s real structure’s expression by the writer. after his transformation, the theme of Yuhua’s novels become more harmonious than before, the form and content have integrated. In the second section, this paper expounds the difference of moral effect between Yuhua’s pioneer period and after the transformation of the novel. In the beginning, Yuhua is infatuated with bloodshed, violence, and the logical structure of the world, his novels has no moral tendency, after his transformation, Yuhua’s novels become warmth, his works are filled with compassion. But in the twenty-first Century, the Brothers is an immoral work. The conclusion part summaries the significance and enlightenment of the rhetoric of novels of Yuhua. From a macro perspective and the writer’s point of view to grasp Yuhua’s novels creation is this paper’s highlight, it integrates all of Yuhua’s novels, and we can also find something in common.更多还原