葛兹文化变化曲线下的“民考汉”大学新生校园适应性研究

【作者】 张超；

【导师】 李凯；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 社会工作（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 “民考汉”的少数民族大学生是我国高等教育的一个特殊群体,由于受到其自身独特的风俗习惯、生存环境和宗教信仰的影响,致使他们在进入内陆高等学府开始校园生活的过程里,面临着诸多的不适与挑战：一方面,他们面临着乡土文化与城市文化的差异的挑战；另一方面,他们又面临着因不同民族文化之间的差异而产生的适应性问题。内陆地区高校的高等教育理念与管理方法,大多针对和适用于主流的汉族学生,对“民考汉”的少数民族群体有着一定的滞后性,并不能很好的适用于少数民族群体。而学校社会工作在价值理念、伦理原则和方式方法上,可以促进教育机会均等,帮助“民考汉”学生获得实用知识及适应环境变化的能力。本文以在西安市高校就读的新疆生源地的“民考汉”新生群体为研究对象。研究方法采用访谈法,观察法和文献分析法,以葛兹的“文化变化曲线”为理论模型,从多幸期、文化冲击、文化变化和文化安定四个阶段,分析了“民考汉”大学新生的适应过程。本文结合社会工作的预防性、治疗性、发展性和维护社会稳定四大功能,对“民考汉”群体提出的建议：一、加快学校社会工作站制度建设的进程；二、积极开展“民考汉”新生入学文化适应教育活动；三、积极探索“民考汉”学生的多元文化教育模式；四、开展多元的“民考汉”学生社会工作服务；更多还原

【Abstract】 The minority students who took "the same college entrance examination as the Han students did" (SCEEH) is a special group of students in Chinese higher education. Affecting by their unique custom, tradition, living environment and religious belief, the SCEEH minority students are facing plenty of difficulties and challenges. On one hand, they have been challenged by the differences between rural and urban culture. On the other hand, they have to cope with the adaptability problem caused by the cultural differences among different minorities.The higher educational theory and management, which mostly apply to the Han students, have a time lag and ill adaptability for SCEEH minority students. However, the university social work can promote the equality of educational opportunity on values, ethical principles and methods. It can also help SCEEH minority students to learn knowledge and the ability to adapt the changing environment.The participants of this research are SCEEH minority freshmen from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, who are currently attending universities in Xi’an. The research methods include interview, observation and literature analysis. Based on the theory model of Geertz’s cultural change curve, this paper analyzes the adaptive process of SCEEH minority freshmen from four phases which are honeymoon, cultural shock, cultural change and cultural stability. In the light of the four function of social work, which are preventive, curative, developmental and maintaining social stability, this paper provides SCEEH minority students the following suggestions:first, accelerate the constructing process of university social work station; second, organize educational activities of cultural adaptability of SCEEH minority freshmen; third, explore multicultural education model of SCEEH students; four, provide multi-social work services for SCEEH students.更多还原