【作者】 高升；

【导师】 尹小俭；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的柔韧素质是指身体每个关节向各个角度的伸展能力,和肌肉、韧带的拉伸水平。现在我国儿童青少年采用坐位体前屈对柔韧素质水平进行测试和评价。但最近几年的研究显示,坐位体前屈有两个弊病：一、有效性较低,无法准确评价学生的柔韧素质水平；二是安全性差,测试过程会对脊椎造成挤压,损伤腰椎间盘。目前,国外多数国家采用日本坐位体前屈和美国坐位体前屈测试柔韧素质水平,本研究试图比较、分析和探讨中国、日本、美国坐位体前屈的有效性以及安全性,从而为我国体质测试方法的改革提供科学的依据。研究方法研究对象来自于闵行区的中心小学、友爱中学、田园高级中学三所学校,覆盖小学一年级到高中三年级共计12个年级,每个年级选取3个班,有效对象共计1039人,年龄覆盖7-18岁,基本达到各个年龄段男女各50人,所有研究对象身体健康,没有运动损伤。在测试中国、日本和美国三种坐位体前屈的同时,为了更加科学地比较三种测试方法,对受试者的上下肢长度、身高、坐高以及躯干长度进行了测量,采用多功能关节活动度测试表对三种坐位体前屈过程中的脊柱弯曲角度进行了测量,运用相关分析、差异性检验来比较和探讨三种方法的优缺点。研究结果(1)通过相关性检验得到,下肢长度与中国坐位体前屈成绩的相关性大部分为负相关,且有5个年龄段出现了显著相关,分别为-0.298、-0.616、-0.390、-0.308、0.436,p<0.05,而其他体格指标与中国坐位体前屈成绩在各年龄段均无一致的相关性。(2)零点固定型坐位体前屈成绩与下肢长度的相关性均值为：-0.195(男)、-0.164(女),零点不固定型坐位体前屈成绩与下肢长度的相关性均值为：0.133(男)、0.193(女)。(3)本研究中,11岁到15岁的男生各年龄双腿型坐位体前屈成绩与脊柱弯曲角度的相关性依次为0.686、0.559、0.737、0.666、0.796,p<0.01,单腿体坐位体前屈成绩与脊柱弯曲角度的相关性依次为0.686、0.726、0.689、0.698、0.768,p<0.01,双腿坐位体前屈成绩与脊柱弯曲角度的相关性要低于单腿坐位体前屈成绩与脊柱弯曲角度的相关性,且女生的数据也显示出了类似的结果。此外,11岁到15岁的男生双腿型坐位体前屈测试中的脊柱弯曲角度分别为：45.45°、42.29°、43.05°、50.34°、48.24°,单腿型坐位体前屈测试中的脊柱弯曲角度分别为：44.07°、38.62°、35.96°、47.66°、47.48°,双腿型坐位体前屈测试中的脊柱弯曲角度大于单腿型坐位体前屈测试中的脊柱弯曲角度,且女生的数据也显示出了类似的结果。研究结论(1)下肢长与中国坐位体前屈之间在所有年龄段中均存在着较为统一的负相关性,其他体格指标与坐位体前屈不具有相关性。(2)与零点固定型坐位体前屈相比,零点不固定型坐位体前屈可以在一定程度上消除体格因素对零点固定型坐位体前屈的影响,从而较为有效地评价儿童青少年柔韧素质水平。(3)单腿型坐位体前屈的有效性高于双腿型坐位体前屈,且单腿型坐位体前屈的安全性高于双腿型坐位体前屈。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research purposesflexibility refered to exercise capacity of the human body each joint in different directions as well as stretching ability of muscle and ligament. At present, pliable and tough quality test method for Chinese children and adolescents is sit and reach test. But recent studies had shown that, sit and reach test had two shortcomings:on the one hand,it was low effective and unable to accurately evaluate student body flexibility level; on the other hand, it was poor secure, and the testing process can cause extrusion on the spine and damage lumbar intervertebral disc. The Japanese sit and reach test and America sit and reach test were two kinds of methods which were currently used by most countries, this study attempted to compare, analysize and discuss effectiveness and safety among Chinese, Japan, American sit and reach test is, and provided scientific basis for reform of physical test method in our country.Research methodsThe objects of study were from Minhang District center primary school, middle school and senior middle school, covering a total of 12 grades from the first grade of primary school to the third grade of senior school, each grade selected 3 classes as valid objects, a total of 1039 people, age covering 7-18 year old, basically reaching respectively 50 men and women in each age, all of study objects were health and not sports injured.he Chinese, Japan and USA three sit and reach test were tested, in order to compare three test methods more scientificly, the upper extremity length, body height, sitting height and trunk length of the subjects were measured. Using the multi-functional joint activity test table, the curvature degree of the spine in theprocess of three sit and reach test were measured. the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of methods were compared and disussed using correlation analysis and difference test.Results(1) obtained by the test of correlation, the correlation between leg length and China sit and reach test were most negative correlation, and 5 age groups appeared significant correlation, all is -0.298,-0.616,-0.390,-0.308,0.436, p<0.05, but other physical indexes and Chinese sit and reach test in each age had no more uniform correlation.(2) the mean values of correlation between the zero fixed sit and reach test and leg length are -0.195(boy) and -0.164(girl),the mean values of correlation between the zero non-fixed sit and reach test and leg length are 0.133(boy) and 0.193(girl).(3) in this study,11 to 15 years old boy, the correlation between legs type sit and reach test and curvature degree of the spine for boys of each age were in the following order:0.686,0.559**,0.737,0.666,0.796, p<0.01,the correlation between single leg sit and reach test and spine bending angle were 0.686,0.726,0.689,0.698,0.768 p<0.01. correlation legs type sit and reach test with the spine the bending angle was lower than that of the single leg sit and reach test and curvature of the spine angle, and the girl’s data also showed the same results.11 to 15 years old boy, the spine curvatured degree of legs type sit and reach test were in the following order:45.45°, 42.29°,43.05°,50.34°,48.24°,the spine curvatured degree of single leg type sit and reach test were in the following order:44.07°,38.62°,35.96°,47.66°,47.48°,the spine curvatured degree of legs type sit and reach test was higher than the spine curvatured degree of single leg type sit and reach test.Conclusions(1) the lower limb length and China sit and reach test at all ages had more uniform negative correlation, other physical indexes and Chinese sit and reach test in each age had no correlation.(2) compared with zero fixed sit and reach test, non- fixed sit and reach test can eliminate the effect of physical factors on the zero fixed sit and reach test in a certain extent, and could effectively evaluate flexibility level of children and adolescents.(3) single leg type sit and reach test had higher validity than legs type sit and reach test, and the safety of single leg type sit and reach test was higher than the legs type sit and reach test.更多还原