【作者】 李巧丽；

【导师】 杨建党；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 公元8年12月,王莽代汉建新,建元“始建国”,宣布推行新政,史称“王莽改制”,其所建立的政权也称为“新莽政权”。对于这场外戚夺权的胜利,自古至今以来都众说纷纭。掩藏在这场胜利背后的谶纬学说一直被学界所忽略,作为一个纯正的儒士,王莽何以不遵循先统以儒学为自己正名?是什么原因让王莽选择了谶纬?基于当时的社会、经济、政治等环境的考量是否能够窥视一二呢?从另一方面来看,谶纬在新莽时期的大兴是否隐藏着更为深层次的原因?谶纬的出现是否是对传统以儒学为主导的官方意识形态的颠覆?谶纬对新莽政权合法性建构实际起到的影响是什么?刘秀的政权何以在新莽政权落败的情形下重新用谶纬来服众?从儒学的降落到谶纬的兴起,本文将以意识形态社会化的理论框架来解决这些问题。本文主要分为六个部分。第一个部分是绪论部分,主要交代了选题的目的和意义,以及关于新莽时期的谶纬研究的现状和不足,同时对本文采用的研究视角和方法进行交代。这部分最主要的还是集中于本文写作的缘起。第二部分是关于谶纬的一般性的研究。在这部分中主要分为四小部分,一是谶纬的起源；二是谶纬的定义；三是谶纬的内容与形式；四是谶纬对于西汉政权的影响。这一部分的写作目的在于形成对谶纬的大致了解。第三部分就是从意识形态社会化角度来陈述西汉政权建立后至新莽政权建立前统制思想的演变,将意识形态社会化的过程进行历史的还原。为下文谶纬与新莽政权合法性建构做了过渡。第四部分就要分析意识形态社会化的新探索,即在新莽时期谶纬盛行的原因,分别将从经济、思想、生态土壤、王莽个性等角度展开分析。从另一方面而言也为下文谶纬如何反过来影响新莽政权做了铺垫。第五部分是本文的重点之所在,在这一部分中将重点描述作为已意识形态社会化的一种内容和形式的谶纬如何对新莽政权从建构到覆灭产生影响,这也是意识形态社会化的意义和限度之所在。分为三个部分,分别是：一是谶纬对新莽政权建构的影响,主要从舆论造势、历史延续、儒学的掩饰和对王莽的影响入手进行分析；二是谶纬对新莽政权巩固的影响,主要从社会基层、官僚阶层、政治反对者、王莽的政治改革入手进行分析；三是谶纬对新莽政权覆灭的影响,主要从王莽改制中的谶纬实践、谶纬在当时政权中的角色分析、新莽政权覆灭与谶纬的关系入手进行分析。第六部分主要写的是东汉以后意识形态社会化的回溯与发展,意识形态又开始了向上的发展趋势和向儒学回归的发展方向,简单地描述下刘秀政权的建立和巩固以及谶纬对新政权的影响,最后分析下新莽政权的兴衰与谶纬的关联启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 At December of 8 A.D., Wang Mang ruled china, which later known as’Shi Jian Guo’, during his reign, he declared to reform, which was defined as ’Wang Mang’s Systemic Reform’ in the history, therefore, his government was also defined as ’New Government of Mang’. Scholars, however, have different opinions towards his victory of ruling instead of Han Dynasty. The Theory of the Divination has been neglected by academic circles for a certain long time, why did a Confucian scholar like Wang Mang not resume back his reputation by adhering to Confusion theories? Why did Wang Mang choose the Theory of Divination? Could the reasons be concluded from time and social background? Moreover, could there be any deeper reasons of his choosing of this Theory? Could the Theory of Divination be a drastic change of ideology? What were the real effects the Theory had taken on? How could Liu Xiu regain Han Dynasty by still using the Theory of Divination? This dissertation aims to answer these questions by using Theory of socialization of ideology.This paper is divided into six parts. The first part introduces the meaning and purpose of choosing this title as well as the weaknesses and limitations of the studies of the Theory of Divination; meanwhile, it introduces the methods of doing research on this theme.The second part of this paper is aimed to clarify the basic situation of the Theory, it is divided into four subjects:1 the origin of the Theory of Divination; 2 the definition of Theory of Divination; 3 the contents and form of the Theory of Divination; 4 the influences of the Theory of Divination on Western Han Dynasty.The third part serves as a transition by presenting the evolution of social ideology during the time from Western Han Dynasty to the foundation of Wang Mang’s government.The fourth part discusses the new exploration of ideological socialization and the reasons of the rising of the Theory of Divination from four basic perspectives:economy, thoughts, social situation and the characteristics of Wang Mang.The fifth part is the most significant part of this paper for it introduces how the Theory influences Wang Mang government as a socialized ideology, to explain this clearly, this part consists of three sections:1 explain the influence of the Theory of Divination on the construction of Wang Mang government through public opinions, history, extenuation by Confucianism and its effects on Wang Mang himself; 2 explain the influence of the Theory on the consolidation of Wang Mang government through different social classes and Wang’s political reform; 3 explain the influence of the Theory of Divination on the deconstruction of Wang Mang government through the practices of this Theory and relationship between fallen of his reign and the very Theory.The last part of this paper mainly talks about the continuous development of the Theory of Divination after the collapse of Wang’s government while briefly describes the Theory’s influence on Liu Xiu’s reign, at last gives the enlightenment from effects of the Theory of Divination within the rise and fall of Wang Mang government.更多还原