【作者】 李佳；

【导师】 杜心源；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 穆尔丹在自己的文学批评集中多次提及“阈限性”(liminality)和“前厅”(narthecality)、‘门槛”(threshold)等词汇,而且认为它们对爱尔兰文学经验至关重要,但无论是国内的研究者还是国外的研究者,都没有对这个问题展开过讨论。本文认为,相对于高度概念化的后殖民理论中的“阈限性”、“辖域化”等概念,人类学中的阈限概念还原了原始社区中的过渡仪式,而且有很强的空间性。穆尔丹诗歌的阈限性特征需要从后现代范畴还原为人类学范畴才更易于理解。通过人类学仪式中的“分离、阈限、聚合”的阶段性特点,可以突出穆尔丹诗歌中的三个重点,一是对民族主义、地方主义、经验主义等话语模式的分离,二是一种变动不居的主体性和民族身份的形成,三是通过语言符号的置换,来延长、扩大这种变动不居的主体所滞留的诗学空间,即阈限区(也可叫阈界)。第一章：首先简单概述人类学领域中阈限性的概念,把它放在原始社会通过仪式这个过程中进行解释。根据爱尔兰被殖民史和爱尔兰现实文学的情况,指出阈限性是爱尔兰经验中的一个重要概念。第二章：指出穆尔丹诗歌对各种边界的漠视,揭示穆尔丹诗歌对种族主义、地方主义等话语壁垒的消解,并进一步与仪式过程中的分离阶段对应起来,指出穆尔丹诗歌对社会话语和社会结构的分离性。第三章：穆尔丹理想的诗学空间是“反结构”的,这是阈限状态的典型特征。在这种空间中主体趋于碎片化,因此如何在此中表达民族或个人身份是一个后现代难题,本章尝试分析穆尔丹的几种方式,揭示穆尔丹为了避免主体落入殖民主义话语模式所做的努力,并特别指出阈限性在爱尔兰民族身份的表达上是如何体现的。第四章：通过分析穆尔丹的语言观以及他诗歌中的语言风格,揭示穆尔丹是如何通过语言游戏最大程度上扩大其阈限空间,保持对民族话语的警惕,同时进入语言系统的交流模式中。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Muldoon’s own literary criticism, he mentioned the phrases liminality, narthecality, and threshold several times. Which according to him, are vital to the Irish literary experience. Nevertheless, neither domestic nor foreign researchers have done any research focus on certain issues. This paper argues that, rather than the highly conceptualized concepts such as liminality or deterritorialization in the post-colonial theory, the concept liminality in anthropology restore the transition ceremony of primitive societies, and there is a strong spatiality. The liminality of Muldoon’s poems should be easier to understand in anthropological sense, rather than the sense of post colonial theory.By noticing the periodic characteristics of ritual in anthropology, there are three key points in Muldoon’s poetry that can be highlighted. The first one is the separation of discourse modes such as racism, localism, experientialism, and so on. The second one is the formation of a changeable subjectivity and national identity. The third one is by replacing the language symbols, the resident area of the changeable subject could be extended and expanded., which is known as liminality area.Chapter One:First of all, there is a brief overview of the concept liminality in Anthropology. Which is mainly explained in the transition ceremony of primitive societies. And there are two important anthropologists concerned about the development of this concept, Arnold Van Gennep and Victor Turner. Based on the colonial history of Ireland and the situation of Irish literary reality, it is pointed out that liminality is an important concept in the Irish experience.Chapter Two:Point out that Muldoon’s poetry disregards all kinds of boundaries. Reveal the digestion of word barriers about racism and localism, etc. by Muldoon’s poetry. Further more, by corresponding to the separation stage of transition ceremony, point out the separability of Muldoon’s poetry to social discourse and social structure.Chapter Three:The ideal space of Muldoon’s poetry is anti-structure, which form a liminality area. In such space, the subject tends to be fragmented. Therefore, how to express one’s national identity and personal identity is a post-modern puzzle. This chapter focuses on several efforts of Muldoon has done to prevent such subject fall into the discourse of colonialism. Point out the characteristics of liminality in Muldoon’s poetry, and especially how this kind of liminality been expressed on the Irish national identity.Chapter Four:by analyzing Muldoon’s language view and the language style in his poetry, reveal how Muldoon expands his liminality area as large as possible through language games. At the mean time, being alerted to national discourse, and enter the communication mode of language system.更多还原