【作者】 王盼盼；

【导师】 孙振东；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育学原理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 作为义务教育的终端,农村初中教育能够全面落实升学和就业的“双重任务”,对于提升农村人口素质,促进农村人口转移,加快城镇化进程具有重大意义。“双重任务”的价值内涵主要包括三个方面：第一,农村初中教育属于基础教育,双重培养目标应与基础教育的内在规定性即基础性、普及型和全面性相吻合，全面落实“双重任务”有助于提升农村教育质量：第二,双重培养目标应与农村经济社会发展的需要相契合,彻底贯彻“双重任务”有利于实现农村地区的民生改善；第三,双重培养目标应与学生的现实多元发展需求相切合,落实“双重任务”有益于解决农村初中教育所存在的严重的升学和就业分流问题。然而,在具体的教育实践中,农村初中教育却存在严重的“双重任务单一化”问题。贵州黎乡中学的“双重任务单一化”问题很具有代表性,其在教育实践中的具体表现是：课程设置标准单一,以国家课程为主,校本课程遭遇忽视,课程结构以学术性学科课程为主,缺乏职业教育课程,忽视实践技能的培养；“城市中心主义”的教学内容与农村发展实际相脱离；教学模式机械呆板,完全围绕升学任务展开；教育结果呈现出低合格率、低升学率和高辍学率。究其原因,导致农村初中“双重任务单一化”的因素可以概括为六个方面：(一)相关法制建设不到位,难以保证“双重任务”依法落实；(二)当地生产力发展水平相对落后,其产业结构和就业结构均以第一产业为主,导致农村人口对“双重任务”全面落实的教育需求度不足；(三)传统观念对“双重任务”具体实施的制约,正是由于传统人才观(高分、高学历即高能)、课程与教学观(课程内容即为应试材料)、质量观(升学率决定教育质量)等落后观念的严重束缚,导致“双重任务”贯彻落实遭遇限制；(四)教师资源、办学条件、职业教育经费等教育资源配置不足致使“双重任务”缺乏全面落实的现实基础；(五)学校评价制度以升学为价值取向,导致学校片面追求升学任务,忽视就业教育；(六)学校教育内容“城市中心化”,脱离当地经济社会导致“双重任务”欠缺全面落实的途径。鉴于此,解决农村初中教育阶段“双重任务单一化”的对策主要从完善教育法制建设、实现依法执教,加强教育行政部门的引导,转变不同主体传统观念,完善教育资源配置,改革教育评价体系入手,明确学校双重培养目标,探索出适合农村地区初中教育的“普职结合”模式。并通过充分开发地方课程和校本课程,调整课程结构,增加职业教育课程,完善课程设置的一般性与地域性,为“双重任务”的落实奠定现实基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the terminal of the compulsory education,the junior middle school in rural areas is important for the improvement of population quality,the transfer of the rural population and the acceleration of urbanization,Consequently,the implementation of "dual task" in junior middle school is fully justified by improving people’s livelihood, Firstly.the rural junior middle school education belongs to basic education.The "dual task"meets the requirement of the inbuilt nature of elementary education,which is fundamental,universal type and comprehensive.And the"dual task"helps to enhance the quality of rural education.Secondly.based on the needs of rural economic and social development,the rural education should perform the "dual task".Again, The serious shunt between the entrance and employment demands of the"dual task"which meets the diversified development needs of students.However,the simplification of’dual task"exists in rural educational practice.And Lixiang middle school is considered to be the least represented given the simplification of "dual task".Specifically,the curriculum is based on the national curriculum standard and ignores the school-based curriculum;The course structure is given priority to academic discipline curriculum and ignores training practical skills;Teaching content which tends for city is far away rural reality;The teaching mode is mechanical and fully for the entrance.Lastly,the real dividing path shows the lost reality of the entrance and employment.Based on field survey of the sample school,the simplification of "dual task"is influenced by many factors. Firstly, an issue of statutory construction makes"dual task" no ability to lawfully implemented.Secondly,the relatively backward mode ofproduction has made the requirement of the employment task which presents industrial structure,employment structure and the level of development of productive forces.Thirdly, traditional ideas influence the"dual task".Because of the traditional view of talents in rural junior middle school (grades, high degree is high),curriculum and teaching view (curriculum content is as test materials) and the concept of quality (enrollment rate decides the quality of education),the"dual task"is unable to fully implement.Fourthly,owe to the lack of the teacher resources,the condition of running a school,occupation education funds,"dual task"is lack of the realistic foundation of implementing.Then,the school evaluation system education orientation has made the simplification of dual task".Lastly,the content of school education from the local economic society has made the simplification of dual task".In view of these reasons,the countermeasures should be explored considering managing education by law, the unique of rural ares,traditional ideas should be changed,and educational resources should be well equipped,and education evaluation system should be reformed.Then the study on the occupational penetration in Compulsory education in rural areas should be strengthened.At the same time,school based curriculum should be set up to ensure the general and regional of curriculum.更多还原