【作者】 韩璐；

【导师】 于伟东； 刘晓艳； 何勇；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 近十多年中国汽车业的发展，使汽车走进了千家万户，成为人们另一个重要的生活和工作环境。虽然国外发达国家已有车内环境及其内饰材料安全性的评价，但亦属起步阶段。目前，关于我国汽车内环境安全方面，仅发布了整车内环境的检测标准和限值指导标准，这不仅是国外标准的低水平引入，而且只具有指导性和非强制性。至于汽车内饰的检测标准及安全限值，则为空白，尤其是对车内VOC安全及构成的检测与评价。针对上述现状及存在问题，本文首先收集归纳介绍了国外对车内污染及其内环境安全性相关的各类标准、法律法规、检测方法、评价指标以及相关研究。然后，分析得出车内环境污染物为VOC，其涉及苯系物、醛酮类、TVOC(总挥发性有机物)等；而VOC主要产生于汽车内饰材料，其包括纺织材料、皮革、粘结剂等。由此，本文针对内饰纺织品VOC做主危害成分的检测、确定以及综合分级评价研究，为检测、评价标准的建立提供科学数据、方法和借鉴文本。经过一系列的VOC检测及综合评价，得出以下结论：（1）利用顶空—气质联用仪（HS-GCMS）对车内饰VOC检测，确定了主要的评价因子，分别为：苯类（苯酚、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、苯甲腈）、硅氧烷（D3、D4、D5）、烷烃类（十五烷、十六烷、十七烷）以及VOCR（剩余VOC的总称）。（2）利用分光光度计法测量甲醛含量，并且作为综合评价的因子之一。因为，其是目前已经认知的最为有毒有害的物质，且沸点为-19℃，在常温下就可大量挥发。（3）确定了各评价因子的权重。根据各评价因子对人体的危害程度不同，利用层次分析法对其赋予了不同的权重，为后期综合评价模型的建立提供了数据支持。（4）确定了汽车内饰材料的综合评价计算模型。参考目前环境质量评价最为成熟的大气环境指数评价法和室内环境质量评价法，确定以单因子初级评价和联合毒性评价为门槛的汽车内饰纺织品综合评价流程及模型。（5）利用综合评价模型对内饰材料进行评价。单因子初级评价合格率为27%；联合毒性评价合格率为20%，并对合格的试样进行了综合指数排序。利用管理运筹学计算软件确定综合指数的大小范围，并根据范围对综合指数进行了分级。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of China automobile industry in recent10years, China’s automobiledemand rapidly rises to the world’s top, the vehicles play an indispensable role in people’s livingand working environment. But assessment of automobile interior environment and interiormaterials safety are still in their infancy. At present, we only have the vehicles interiorenvironment analytical standard and limited value of guidance standard for automobile interiorenvironment in our country. This is inferior introduction of foreign standards which only have thecharacters of instruction and non-mandatory. As for the analytical standard and safety limit, it isblank, especially for the automobile interior VOC environment analysis and evaluation.At first, this thesis collected all kinds of standards, laws and regulations，testing methodabout in-vehicle air pollution according to the current situation and existing problem. After that,the paper analysis that the major pollutants inside vehicle is voc, involving BTEX、aldehydes andketones and TVOC;VOC is mainly produced in auto interior materials, involving textile materials,leather, adhesive, etc. Therefore, our results of testing of automobile interior textiles to providescientific data for the establishment of the testing and evaluation standard.After a series of detections and comprehensive evaluations for VOC, conclusions are asfollowing:(1)The main evaluation factors were determined by a series of tests for automotive textilesinteriors by using HS-GCMS, including BTEX (phenol, styrene, toluene, xylems,cyanobenzene),(R2SiO)x, alkenes (pentadecane, cetane,17alkanes) and VOCR.(2)Formaldehyde content measured by spectrophotometer, and as one factor ofcomprehensive evaluation. Because, it is perceived most hazardous substances now, and theboiling point so low(-19℃) that a lot can be volatile at room temperature.(3)The weight Evaluation Factors were determined in this paper according to the degree ofharm to the human body by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for the establishment of acomprehensive evaluation model.(4)Comprehensive evaluation model was determined for the automotive interior materials.Refer to the most sophisticated atmospheric index Evaluation Method and indoor environmentalquality evaluation method to determine a single factor primary evaluation and joint toxicityevaluation of the threshold as comprehensive evaluation process and model.(5)The interior materials were evaluated by Comprehensive evaluation model. The qualifiedrate of Single factor primary evaluation is27%,,the acceptability of joint toxic effects is20%. Aswell, management operations research calculation software was used to determine the scope ofcomposite index and the classify or grade更多还原