【作者】 陈健；

【导师】 乔征；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 风景园林， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 几千年来，受封建传统文化观念的影响，我国城乡居民的思想观念一直被束缚着，因此对公墓这种西方式的安葬方式退避三舍。这也在一定程度上阻碍了我国公墓景观设计的发展脚步，造成了我国公墓景观设计中理论研究和实践的两条“大腿”出现了“营养不良”的现象。而伴随着人口数量的增长和城市化进程的加快以及人口结构老龄化凸显的态势，由丧葬所引起并产生的社会方面和环境方面的各种问题，已经通过各种现象渐渐地暴露出来。这已经充分说明我国传统的土葬方式太过于落后，逐渐地已经与我们高速发展的社会现代城市的建设步伐相距甚远。随着社会的发展与人们思想意识的逐渐改变，作者发现，自从我国进入21世纪后，公墓的景观艺术设计越来越受到城镇人民的关注和关心，并且公墓中人文艺术设计和多功能的景观小品设计也成为了人们所关心的主题。公墓在我国虽然是近代城市发展进程的产物，但它发展至今日与人们思想变化息息相关，并成为城镇人民生活的一部分。公墓涵盖于城市绿地系统之中，它是生者悼念追思和安放逝者骨灰的功能性场所，所以公墓的发展深刻的反映了当代人们的人生观、世界观与价值观的变化。本文首先对公墓的相关发展历程展开研讨，通对国内外公墓景观的发展历程上，将风水理论和人文主义理论融会贯通，然后从艺术设计的角度，分别从环境艺术角度和视觉传达艺术角度对公墓景观设计进行分析研讨，并且结合西安市调研案例以及国内优秀案例分析，阐述艺术设计理论对公墓景观中的重要性。文章作者通过对艺术设计理论的剖析，研究分析在环境艺术的视角下，公墓的园区规划设计、景观节点设计、植物配置设计的设计理念和设计探讨；以及通过在视觉传达视角下，对主题性、地域性在公墓视觉系统、标识系统、墓碑造型艺术在公墓景观中的影响；其次通过实地调研，研究论证艺术设计的重要性；最后力求将艺术设计融入到现代公墓景观建设中去。提倡城市公墓景观的设计者能够在今后的设计、建设中，建设集文化传承、艺术欣赏、绿色生态、休闲游憩于一体的现代化城市公墓，为公墓能够逐渐成为城市休闲活动的空间奠定了理论基础，希望本文对今后的公墓景观设计者能够起到一定的启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Influenced by the traditional culture of feudalism, the thought of urban and ruralresidents in China has been bound for thousands of years so that they shunned fromcemetery, a burial way of western style. Also this kind of thought hindered thedevelopment of cemetery landscape design in some extent, and leaded to the"malnutrition" phenomenon of the two "legs"—theoretical study and practice. However,with the growth of population, the speeding up of urbanization and the situation ofpopulation aging, a series problem of society and environment caused by burial hasgradually emerged. Therefore the traditional burial way cannot keep up with thedevelopment of modern urban civilization any more. In recent years, people concernedmore about the construction of cemeteries, as well as the art design of spatial landscapewith the development society and people’s social ideology. Although cemeteriesappeared in China for a short time, it has become an important part of social life, and isa place to bury and cherish the memory of the dead. It profoundly reflects the outlookon life, world outlook and values of modern people.This thesis first discussed the development process of cemeteries. Incorporatedwith the development of cemetery landscape in the domestic and overseas with themastery of Feng-shui theory and humanism theory, this thesis analyzed and discussedthe design of cemetery landscape in the perspective of environmental art and visioncommunication art, and then elaborated its importance of art design in cemeterylandscape with the research case of Xi’an as well as the excellent domestic case. Basedon the art design theory, the author analyzed the site planning and designing, landscape node design and the idea and design of plant configuration in the perspective ofenvironment art; on the view of vision communication art this thesis researched on theinfluence of topicality, regionality on the visual system and tap system, as well thegravestone art on cemetery landscape; on account of field research it demonstrated theimportance of art design and strived to integrate art design into modern cemetery, andadvocated cemetery landscape designers can play certain enlightenment significance. Itadvocates that in the future the designer should combine cultural inheritance, artappreciation, ecology, entertainment with modern cemetery.更多还原