【作者】 丁睿；

【导师】 骆源； 朱元清；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 计算机技术， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 上海是我国经济中心，被列为国家地震重点监视防御区，地震应急救援工作意义重大。地震灾害具有突发性、预测不确定性和破坏性强的特点。地震应急是一个多学科、多业务系统、多部门协作完成的综合过程。世界上饱受自然灾害侵扰的国家，如美国、澳大利亚、日本、印度等，纷纷建立起信息丰富，高度集成的应急处置平台，以提高灾后响应速度和动态评估、辅助决策的准确度。我国在“十五”期间在建设了一套地震应急指挥技术系统，运行数年来，在“汶川”、“玉树”、“雅安”等数个巨震、大震考验下，显示出“孤立型”系统的弊端：数据来源单一，信息产出不够丰富，且响应速度较慢，全国标准的灾害评估模型用于上海区域震灾评估结果不准确，缺乏动态灾情监控等。因此，上海地震应急需要整合各类实时观测，静态背景等异构数据，建立综合数据库，才可以在此基础上建设多学科地震业务信息共享展示、灾害评估区域化、辅助决策产品生成迅速、宏观灾情实时跟踪、现场救援统一调度的上海应急处置集成平台。论文采用了由地震异构数据集成到应急处置集成平台设计的研究方法。地震科学数据的有效集成，是应急处置系统综合服务的基础。通过分析地震科学数据的特点、分类、作用和异构性，对上海地震科学数据从实时观测数据和静态背景、历史数据两大类分别进行集成。对于数据量大，时效性高的观测数据，采用同构数据迁移和基于中间件的方式进行异构数据整合，建立实时观测核心数据库。对于多来源，种类繁多的静态背景、历史数据，研究分析了地震行业一些科研人员在监测和预报领域对于历史观测数据做过的集成研究成果后，决定采用基于数据仓库的集成方式，建立地震应急数据仓库。最后根据震时地震应急数据需求特点，加入用于数据快速交换和调度的中间数据池，构建上海地震综合数据库。论文通过比较国家地震应急指挥系统和福建自主研发的地震快速评估系统的优缺点，对上海地震应急处置集成平台进行需求分析。集成平台的功能设计基于综合数据库，可将地震业务系统信息在统一平台内综合显示；采用人口-建筑关系数据创建符合上海实际情况的区域灾害评估模型，计算准确，应急产品生成速度提高到十几秒内；利用高清摄像、无线网络技术，实现宏观灾情监控，救援现场与指挥中心资源便捷调度。论文提出的多源地震科学异构数据集成并综合应用于上海地震应急处置的方法，在国内地震行业属于首例。目前论文成果成功应用于市科委的上海地震应急处置集成平台建设项目，为上海地震业务部门和各级政府提供地震信息展示和应急演练服务，并经过周边地震应急救援实战检验。运行情况表明，该平台能有效提高地震应急处置的计算速度和准确度，具有良好的实际应用效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shanghai, is China’s economic center and was listed as the national key region ofearthquake monitoring and Prevention. Shanghai earthquake emergency rescue workis of great significance. The earthquake has the characteristics of sudden, forecastinguncertainty and destructive. The earthquake emergency is a comprehensive process ofan interdisciplinary collaboration, multi service, and multi sector. Earthquakeemergency rescue is paid attention to by the countries suffering from natural disasters.Like the United States, Australia, Japan, India and other countries. They haveestablished rich information, highly integrated platform for the emergency disposal, inorder to improve the earthquake response speed and the accuracy of the dynamicevaluation and auxiliary decision-making.During the "tenth five-year plan", a set of earthquake emergency commandsystem have been established. The system run for several years, in the "Wenchuan","Yushu","Ya’an" earthquakes, showing the abuse of "isolated type" system: A singledata source makes information output not abundant enough. Standardized assessmentmodel localization is not high so that the regional earthquake disaster assessmentresult is inaccurate. Other disadvantages like slow response, lack of macro disastermonitoring and so on. So it is needed to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data ofShanghai earthquake and establish Shanghai comprehensive earthquake emergencydatabase. That is the foundation of Shanghai emergency disposal integrated platform,which with characteristics of information sharing, localization, rapid response, macro disaster real-time tracking as well as unified dispatching rescue site.Paper adopts the integration of heterogeneous data integration and the earthquakeemergency disposal to platform design research methods. The effective integration ofseismological data is the basis of emergency disposal system of comprehensiveservice. Through the analysis of the characteristics classification, function andheterogeneity of seismic data, they can be divided into two categories: real timeobservation data and static background, historical data, and then be integratedrespectively. For large quantities, observations of time-sensitive data, with the methodof homogeneous data migration and based on the middleware for heterogeneous dataintegration, real-time observation of the core database is established. For multiplesources, a wide variety of static background, historical data, the integrated method isbased on data warehouse after analyzed some researchers’ work about historicalobservation data integration in the field of earthquake monitoring and prediction.According to the demand characteristics of earthquake emergency data whenearthquake happens, join for data exchange between a data pool, and build Shanghaiearthquake comprehensive database in the end.By comparing the national earthquake emergency command system and Fujianearthquake rapid assessment system， analyzed the requirements of ShanghaiEarthquakes integration platform. The Shanghai earthquake emergency disposal ofintegration platform is based on the Shanghai earthquake comprehensive database.Several of comprehensive business information can be displayed. According to thepopulation-building relational data, created disaster evaluation model accord withthe actual situation of Shanghai area to improve disaster assessment accuracy. In theplatform, emergency products generate speed increased to10seconds. Using ofhigh-definition cameras and wireless network technology, macro disaster monitoring,rescue site and command center convenient resource scheduling are effectivelyestablished.The proposed method of multi-source heterogeneous data integration ofearthquake science and applied in the emergency disposal of the Shanghai earthquake,is the first case in earthquake industry of China. At present, the paper successfully applied in municipal science and technology commission of Shanghai earthquakeemergency disposal integration platform construction project. It has been applied toShanghai Earthquake Administration business department, and for all levels ofgovernment service. Mainly used in seismic information display and emergency drills.In several peripheral earthquake emergency rescues it achieved good results.Operation shows that the platform can effectively improve the computing speed andaccuracy of earthquake emergency disposal, has a good effect in practical application.更多还原