【作者】 张静；

【导师】 鲁小珍；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在南京雨花台景区内，选取不同结构的绿地类型进行群落调查，包括无林地、草坪、疏林草地、道路绿地及密林地。针对南京大气污染的特点，在春夏秋冬4个季节，以及夏季的晴天和雨天两种不同天气情况下，对不同绿地进行离地面1.5m高大气SO2、NO2及PM10质量浓度的测定，分析绿地与大气污染的关系。结果表明：1.雨花台景区大气中的SO2和NO2质量浓度均符合国家《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-1996）中的一级标准，PM10的质量浓度符合国家的二级标准；晴天，不同绿地类型下，大气污染物SO2、NO2及PM10的质量浓度差异显著，无林地>乔灌结构的道路绿地>乔灌草结构的密林地，乔灌草复层结构类型的绿地环境效应最佳；雨天，由于降水对大气污染物的净化作用，绿地对大气污染物的影响不明显。2.在春、夏、秋3季，密林地、疏林草地和道路绿地的SO2及NO2质量浓度日变化基本表现出早、晚浓度高，中午浓度低的规律，冬季呈现出早、晚低，中午高的相反变化规律。道路绿地的SO2及NO2的日平均质量浓度均高于密林地和疏林草地，四季平均的道路绿地SO2及NO2日浓度分别是疏林草地浓度的1.34倍、1.22倍，是密林地浓度的1.42倍、1.40倍。由于夏季疏林草地的SO2受降雨的净化作用，浓度偏低，其他季节里，密林地的SO2及NO2的日平均质量浓度均为最低。3.不同绿地类型PM10质量浓度日变化在春、夏、秋、冬4季均表现出早上高，中午浓度开始下降的规律。道路绿地四季平均的PM10日浓度是疏林草地浓度的1.12倍，是密林地浓度的1.28倍。4.密林地、疏林草地、道路绿地的SO2、NO2及PM10质量浓度的季节变化总体上均呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的规律。冬季三块样地平均的SO2浓度分别是秋季、春季、夏季的3.85倍、5.84倍、7.63倍； NO2浓度分别是秋季、春季、夏季的2.17倍、2.29倍、2.68倍； PM10浓度分别是秋季、春季、夏季的1.75倍、2.02倍、2.59倍。三块样地在春夏秋冬4季SO2、NO2日平均质量浓度均符合国家二级标准，冬季道路绿地的浓度未达标。三块样地在春夏秋3季PM10日平均质量浓度符合国家二级标准，冬季密林PM10浓度符合国家二级标准，而疏林草地和密林地浓度均未达标。5.针对本文研究的群落结构而言，春季及夏季的SO2、NO2、PM10质量浓度与植物群落物种多样性指数相关性显著，呈现出负相关的关系。郁闭度及植物物种多样性指数较高的绿地对春夏季节的SO2、NO2及PM10的净化作用较强。秋冬季节污染物浓度与群落的郁闭度及物种多样性关系不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 The different structure types of green space were selected to conduct community surveys inthe Nanjing Yuhuatai area．The types of green space include non-forest land，lawn，savanna，road green space and jungle land． According to the characteristics of air pollution in Nanjing，SO2, NO2and PM10in the height of1.5m from the ground were selected to survey and toanalyze the relationships between the different green spaces and the atmospheric pollutions infour seasons and two different weather，sunny and rainy days．The results show that:1.The concentrations of SO2and NO2comply with the first grade level of national＜Ambient Air Quality Standard＞(GB3095－1996) in Nanjing Yuhuatai area in summer. Theconcentration of PM10complies with the state’s secondary standard. On sunny days，theconcentrations of SO2, NO2and PM10show significant differences in different green types，non-forest land＞road green space＞jungle land. On rainy days，because of the precipitationpurification to air pollutants，green space has little obvious influence on the air pollutant．2. The diurnal variations of SO2and NO2concentrations basic showed that highconcentrations at morning and evening and low concentrations at noon in spring, summer andautumn above jungle land, savanna and road green space. In winter that showed the oppositevariation that low concentrations at morning and evening and high concentrations at noon.The SO2and NO2concentrations of road green space are higher than the concentrations ofjungle land and savanna. The seasonal average concentrations of SO2and NO2to green road are1.34times and1.22times higher than the concentration of savanna. And that are1.42times and1.40times higher than the concentration of jungle. Because of the purification by s ummerrainfall, the concentrations of SO2of savanna are low in summer. In the other seasons, the dailyaverage concentrations of jungle land are lowest.3. In four seasons, the diurnal variations of PM10concentrations of different green typesshow that high concentrations in morning, and at noon the concentrations begin to decline. Theseasonal average concentrations of PM10to green road are1.12times higher than theconcentration of savanna. And that are1.28times higher than the concentration of jungle.4. The seasonal variations of SO2, NO2and PM10concentrations of jungle land, savanna and roadgreen space show that winter> autumn> spring> summer. The SO2average concentration of three plotsin winter are3.85times higher than autumn, and5.84times higher than spring, and7.63times higherthan summer. The NO2average concentration of three plots in winter are2.17times higher than autumn,and2.29times higher than spring, and2.68times higher than summer.. The PM10average concentrationof three plots in winter are1.75times higher than autumn, and2.02times higher than spring, and2.59times higher than summer.Above the three sample plots, the daily average concentrations of SO2and NO2are in line with the national secondary standard in four seasons. To jungle land, the daily average concentrations ofPM10in winter are in line with the national secondary standard, while concentrations of savanna androad green space are not met.5. In terms of this paper, the concentrations of SO2, NO2and PM10in spring and summerhave significant correlation with canopy and plant diversity index of plant communities. And thatshowed a negative relationship. The green space of higher canopy density and plant diversityindex has stronger purification for SO2, NO2and PM10of spring and summer In autumn andwinter is not.更多还原