【作者】 张震；

【导师】 汪勇；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 食品科学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 单甘酯（monoacylglycerols, MAGs）在食品和化妆品领域的应用不断扩大。为提高一次反应MAGs含量，本研究合成新型催化剂催化植物油与甘油反应制备MAGs，采用单因素实验进行条件优化。（1）合成甘油钠碱性催化剂，以MAGs含量为标准，对催化反应条件进行优化，确定甘油钠催化大豆油甘油解最佳条件为：反应温度175℃，甘油解反应时间2h，甘油钠催化剂添加量为油重的2.4wt%，底物摩尔比（大豆油:甘油）1:4，MAGs含量可达53.1%。（2）制备了新型固体碱催化剂碳酸钾负载氧化铝K2CO3/Al2O3，通过XRD和IR表征了催化剂的特性。通过设计正交试验，得到的最优催化大豆油甘油解反应条件是：反应温度210℃，反应时间1.5h，K2CO3/Al2O3添加量（油重）0.8wt%，底物摩尔比（大豆油:甘油）1:3。验证试验得到MAGs含量达到58.3%。（3）利用单因素实验方式优化碳酸钾负载水滑石K2CO3/HT催化氢化棕榈油(fully hydrogenated palm oil, FHPO)与甘油进行甘油解反应制备MAGs工艺条件，得到的选定条件是底物质量比FHPO:甘油是5:2，甘油解反应温度200℃，反应时间2h以及0.8wt%（油重）K2CO3/HT催化剂添加量，此条件下MAGs含量可达46.8%。（4）通过不同的催化剂Pricat-Ni (9908,9920)催化氢化玉米油(corn oil, CO)，氢化会在很大程度上改善油脂及其MAGs产品的晶体形态，改善它们的物理特性，提高油脂及其制品的熔点和氧化稳定性特性，未经过氢化的CO MAGs产品也可以通过添加商用抗氧化剂的方式来提高MAGs产品的氧化稳定性。（5）采用二级分子蒸馏纯化MAGs产品，粗甘油酯在I级分子蒸馏（140℃）除去游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids, FFA)和甘油；在II级分子蒸馏（190℃）纯化MAGs，得到纯度为90.0%以上的MAGs产品。更多还原

【Abstract】 Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are an important type of nonionic amphiphilicemulsifiers, which are widely used in hydrophobic food systems as well as inchemical industries. The optimal conditions for preparation of MAGswereinvestigated.(1) MAGs were produced by glycerolysis of soybean oil with catalyzed by sodiumglycerinate. Reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading and mole ratio ofsubstrates have been studied. The selected conditions were listed as follows: reactiontemperature175℃, catalyst loading2.4wt%(oil mass), mole ratio of soybean oil toglycerol1:4, and reaction time2.0h. Under these conditions, the content of MAGs inthe glycerides phase after reaction reached53.1%.(2) MAGswere produced by glycerolysis of soybean oil with glycerol catalyzed byK2CO3/Al2O3.A series of single factor tests were performed to study the effect onglycerolysis efficiency.The reaction conditions were optimized by orthogonalexperiment. The optimal conditions were listed as follows: reaction temperature210℃, solid base catalyst loading0.8wt%(oil mass), mass ratio of soybean oil toglycerol1:3, and reaction time1.5h.Under the optimization condition, a content of58.3%MAGs in the acylglycerols mixture were obtained.(3) A new method to produce MAGs with high purity by glycerolysis of fullyhydrogenated palm oil (FHPO) catalyzed by hydrotalciteloaded with K2CO3(K2CO3/HT). The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalysts (K2CO3/HT)loading, and mass ratio of FHPO to glycerol on glycerolysis were investigated. Theselected conditionsincluded a reaction temperature of200℃, K2CO3/HT loading at0.8wt%(FHPO mass), a5:2mass ratio ofFHPO to glycerol, and a reaction time of2.0h. Under theselected conditions, the yield of MAGs in the acylglycerol phase couldreach46.8%.(4)Some types of MAGs obtained by the glycerolysis of different partiallyhydrogenated corn oils. The melting regions of all hydrogenated samples and their MAGs shifted to higher temperatures. These data indicated that using hydrogenationto change the fatty acid composition could effectively increase the oxidation stabilityof MAGs.(5) Two-stage molecular distillation was introduced to purify the produced MAGs.The unreactedglycerol and free fatty acid in the glycerides were removed at anevaporator temperature of140℃at the first stage. MAGs with a purity of above90.0%were obtained at an evaporator temperature of190℃at the second stage.更多还原