【作者】 郭莹；

【导师】 宫齐；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 英汉双语词典是中国学习者学习英语和研究翻译过程中所不可或缺的重要工具之一，词典例证作为英汉词典的主要组成部分，与其翻译在词典中发挥着同等重要的作用。双语词典的例证辅助词典使用者理解词目释义，掌握具体用法，是双语词典的主体和灵魂所在；与之相应的例证翻译不仅要最大限度地展示例证的内容，还要符合例证的形式，因此成为衡量词典质量的重要标准。本文把词典学的内容和翻译研究相结合，旨在在奈达的“功能对等”理论框架下探究英汉双语词典的例证翻译。本文的语料来源于作者的第一手经验和翻译语料，即引用作者参与翻译和校对的《Encarta英汉双解大词典》中的例证翻译，并结合其他两部现行的权威英汉双语词典《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》和《朗文高阶英汉双解词典》进行实证对比分析。文章立足于例证翻译的研究现状，在“功能对等”理论指导下，试图探讨例证翻译达到的对等类型和应遵循的翻译标准。例证翻译具有不同于其他类型翻译的特征，如语境缺乏性、示例性和客观性，因此与文学翻译形成了鲜明的对比。通过对比分析例证翻译和文学翻译在翻译语境、表达方式和应用导向三个方面的差异，总结出例证翻译的一般指导原则。通过对现行三部英汉双语词典例证翻译的详细分析，本文发现例证翻译不仅在语义、文化和语用三个层面达到了与源语例证的内容对等，而且也实现了在句子结构、语体和修辞三个层面的形式对等。为了达到内容和形式的功能对等，展示源语意义和保留源语形式成为例证翻译所应坚持的重要标准。本文通过对“功能对等”理论的全面阐述和对例证翻译的详细分析，探讨总结了双语词典例证翻译达到的“功能对等”类型和策略，以期引起更多的人关注例证翻译及对未来的研究有所启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 English-Chinese Bilingual Dictionary (hereinafter ECBD for short) is one of theindispensable tools for Chinese learners to learn English in the process of Englishlearning and translation. As a key component inside a dictionary, examples togetherwith their translations play the same important role in ECBDs. Examples can facilitatedictionary users to comprehend headword meanings and learn to command thespecific usages, and therefore they are regarded as the principal part and soul ofECBDs; correspondingly, example translations can not only present the content of theexamples at the utmost, but also be in comply with the original patterns, and thus theycan be taken as the yardstick of any quality of ECBDs.The present thesis integrates the content of lexicography into the study oftranslation, aiming to explore example translations within the theoretical frameworkof Functional Equivalence Theory as proposed by Nida (1986). The cases in the thesisare selected from the author’s first-hand experience and material, cited from EncartaEnglish-Chinese Bilingual Dictionary that the author participated in the process oftranslation and proofreading, and in couple with two other current authoritative andpopular ECBDs in the analyses part. The other two dictionaries are Oxford AdvancedLearner’s English-Chinese Dictionary and Longman Advanced English-ChineseBilingual Dictionary. Based on the current research, the thesis attempts to explore theequivalence types and criteria that example translations achieve in accordance to theprinciples in Functional Equivalence Theory. Example translations bear specificfeatures that are different from those of other types of translations, for instance, thefeatures such as context inadequacy, exemplification and objectivity; therefore it isespecially in striking contrast with literary translation. Through the contrastiveanalyses of the discrepancies in translation contexts, expressive method andapplication between example translations in ECBDs and translations in literary works,the thesis tentatively summarizes the general principles of example translations.Through the detailed analyses of example translations selected from the threeauthoritative ECBDs, the thesis finds that example translations can not only achieve the pattern equivalence on structural, stylistic and rhetorical levels, but also fulfill thecontent equivalence on semantic, cultural and pragmatic levels. In order to achieve thefunctional equivalence of content and pattern, preserving the original meanings andretaining the original patterns have thus become the significant criteria that exampletranslations must adhere to.The thesis makes an elaboration of Functional Equivalence Theory and detailedanalyses of example translations, probing into the equivalence types and tactics ofexample translations in ECBDs, in the hope of attracting more attention to the study ofexample translations and being conducive to future studies.更多还原