【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 叶海旺；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 爆破技术在矿山生产、隧洞开挖和城市爆破等工程中应用广泛。爆破的震动效应对周边构筑物的危害一直是爆破安全防护的重点。爆破减震技术随着爆破器材的发展而发展。数码雷管的诞生使得微差爆破中的延期的精度得到了质的飞跃。以《邻近东川河引水隧洞区域减震控制爆破技术研究》项目为依托，在金堆城南露天进行减震爆破试验研究，分别采用现场爆破试验和数值模拟试验对多排孔微差爆破的合理微差时间进行研究，并比较数码雷管与导爆管雷管减震效果。采用希尔伯特黄变换对振动信号进行分析，分析数码雷管爆破与导爆管雷管爆破振动频率的分布差异。取得以下成主要果：（1）在金堆城矿山采用的导爆管雷管的生产爆破进行振动监测，获得南露天振动的传播规律。并以矿山现有的微差时间作为基础，对爆破的微差时间进行微调，采用逼近趋优的试验方法确定适合现场条件的微差时间。试验得到的合理的微差时间为：孔间微差30ms，排间微差75ms。以爆心距离60m时来考察，其减震率为38.4%。（2）对爆破后的岩石进行块度分析，优化后的爆破岩石的平均块度减小，大块率降低，块度分布更加均匀。（3）分别对数码雷管和导爆破雷管起爆的爆破振动数据进行HHT分析，得出数码雷管比导爆管雷管的爆破主要能量的分布频率要高。其中，导爆管爆破的振动能量主要分布在10至100Hz的频率范围之间，而数码雷管主要分布在大于100Hz的频率范围。由此可见，采用数码雷管电子雷管起爆可有效降低爆破震动，同时也能有力的改善破碎效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Blasting technology is widely used in the mine production, tunnel excavation andurban blasting engineering. The harm to the surrounding structures of blastingvibration effects has always been the focus of the blasting safety protection. Blastingvibration technology develops with the development of blasting equipment. The birthof digital detonator improved the accuracy of millisecond blasting.It’s based on the technology research project of control blasting adjacentDongchuan river diversion tunnel area. Previous studies on the digital milliseconddeferred blasting detonators focused on determining a reasonable time fromtheoretical analysis and fewer blasting holes millisecond test, but the research on thereasonable time of large millisecond blasting is less. The scene blasting reasonabletime and numerical simulation test are adopted to study the reasonable time ofmulti-row millisecond deferred blasting and compare the damping effect of digitaldetonator with tube detonator. Hilbert-Huang transform is used to analyze thevibration signal and the difference in the distribution of blasting vibration frequencybetween digital detonators and tube detonator blasting. The mainly achievement is asfollowing:In jinduicheng mine using the detonating tube detonator production blasting,and take blasting vibration monitoring for the propagation rules of blasting vibrationof Jinduicheng Open-pit Mine. The result shows that when the delay time is30ms/75ms, the blasting effect is optimal. Compare with detonating tube detonator,The damping rate is38.4%.Take rock fragmentation analysis after blasting, the average fragmentation ofConventional blasting is28.3cm, the average fragmentation of digital differentialblasting is18.13cm. That means the average fragmentation be diminished.Use HHT method to analysis blasting vibration data, Compared with thedetonating tube detonator,the energy distribution of digital detonator has higherfrequency. Detonating tube are mainly distributed in10Hz to100Hz, However, Digital detonator are mainly distributed in the range which greater than100Hz.更多还原