【作者】 陈卓；

【导师】 陈静；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国工业的迅猛发展，环境污染问题日益严重，伴随着近年来雾霾天的持续加剧，环境治理问题刻不容缓。国务院总理李克强在关于研究部署进一步加强雾霾等大气污染治理的常务会议上指出，要加快调整能源结构，合理控制煤炭消耗总量，推广使用洁净煤，加快淘汰老旧低效锅炉，提升燃煤锅炉节能环保水平。本课题主要来源于浙江某锅炉有限公司的小型常规煤粉炉改造项目，旨在将传统煤粉炉改造成循环流化床锅炉，以扩大锅炉容量并最大限度的实现节能减排。在改造的过程中拟将循环流化床燃烧控制技术移植于改造锅炉，并提出一整套适用于该小型循环流化床锅炉的控制方案。本文从安全生产和节能减排的角度出发，在深入探讨循环流化床锅炉控制系统的基础上，结合信号处理、计算机、过程控制和智能控制等技术，根据小型循环流化床锅炉燃烧工艺，提出锅炉燃烧工艺对控制的要求，并据此提出小型循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制系统的设计技术指标，完成该系统的硬软件设计。本文所做的工作和取得的成果如下：（1）根据小型锅炉的循环流化床燃烧工艺，结合现有燃煤锅炉控制系统的现状，对燃烧系统控制任务进行分析与总结，完成了小型锅炉燃烧控制系统的总体方案设计。（2）完成了小型循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制系统硬件设计，主要包括炉膛温度、蒸汽压力、炉膛负压、烟气含氧量检测电路，以及RS485通信接口电路和控制系统电源电路。（3）完成了小型循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制系统软件设计，主要包括总体软件结构、主站/从站软件、A/D采集子程序，PWM输出子程序和模糊PID控制算法子程序，以及基于Modbus RTU协议的通信程序。（4）完成了小型锅炉燃烧控制系统的上位机监控界面设计，主要包括实时数据显示、故障报警、设备控制和参数设置以及实时/历史曲线显示等。本文为小型循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制系统设计了上位机、主站和从站三层分布式控制结构，实现对该改造型锅炉安全可靠的控制，提高燃料燃烧效率，保证稳定的带负荷能力，提高其自动控制水平，实现节能减排。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapidly development of national industry, the environment pollutionand haze days problem are becoming more and more serious. So environmentalgovern without delay. Premier of the State Council Keqiang Li pointed that we shouldspeed up to adjust the energy structure, reasonable control the coal consumption,popularize the use of clean coal, accelerate the elimination of old inefficient boilerson the Executive Meeting about haze governance. This master thesis undertake theboiler company’s commissioned project in Zhejiang province about small-sizecirculation fluidized bed boiler combustion control system design. So can update theold boiler, improve the automatic control level and combustion efficiency, finallycomplete energy-saving and emission reduction.This object mainly comes from the small conventional coal boiler reconstructionproject of a Boiler Co. Ltd in Zhejiang. It aims to transform it to a circulatingfluidized bed boiler so that can increase capacity and achieve maximum energysaving. During the reconstruction, it planned to transplanted the control technology inCFBB to the reconstruction boiler, and put forward a set of control scheme for smallCFBB. This master thesis comes from safety production and energy saving, based onthe deeply study of CFBB control system, combined with signal processing, computer,process control and intelligent control technology. It proposed control requirements ofboiler combustion process and based on this put forward the design specifications forCFBB combustion control system, completed system hardware and software design.What have done and achievements obtained are as follows:Firstly, according to small-size circulation fluidized bed combustion runningprocess and based on the field test platform, carding, analyzing and researching thecombustion system control tasks, completed the small-size CFBB combustionsystem’s overall distributed control scheme.Secondly, the hardware design of small-size circulation fluidized bed boilercombustion control system is completed. Based on control requirements, selected thedistributed control system’s hardware. Also, it designed the furnace temperature,steam pressure, furnace negative pressure and flue gas oxygen content detection circuits. Simultaneously, it contains the RS485communication interface circuit andpower circuit.Thirdly, the small-size circulation fluidized bed boiler combustion controlsystem software design is completed. It mainly contains of the overall softwarearchitecture design, master/slaver chips’ software design and each function modulesoftware design. The function modules include A/D acquisition subroutine, PWMoutput subroutine, fuzzy PID control algorithm subroutine and the communicationsubroutine based on Modbus RTU protocol.Fourthly, it completed the PC monitoring interface design for the small-sizeboiler combustion control system. The monitoring interface base on MCGS touchscreen mainly include real-time parameter display, failure alarm, device control,parameter setting and real-time/history curve shows.This master thesis designed a three-tier structure and distributed control systemfor the CFBB consists of upper computer, master and slaver chips. It can provide safeand reliable control for the reconstruction boiler, improve fuel efficiency, ensure astable loading capacity, improve the automatic control level and achieve energyconservation.更多还原