留守儿童监护缺失问题的探讨

【作者】 陈浩；

【导师】 潘伟杰；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 留守儿童监护权的缺失是当今我国留守儿童问题严重化的直接原因,究其根本还是我国监护权益立法保护机制不足导致监护制度不完善。本文导论部分介绍了论文写作的背景、目的和意义,以及笔者创作之前针对留守儿童问题已有的文献研究,并简要的介绍了本文的研究框架和采用的主要研究方法。文章的正文分三章展开论述,先对留守儿童监护权实现的现状结合实地调查进行分析,再结合留守儿童监护权缺失造成的危害,剖析监护权缺失的原因,最后提出解决留守儿童监护权缺失问题的对策和建议。本文第一章首先结合目前我国学者的研究对留守儿童的基本概念进行界定,并指出本文的研究对象,其次是对留守儿童的监护的含义和性质进行阐述。在理清留守儿童的一些基本概念之后,本文从法定监护和监护变更等内容介绍了我国现行的监护权制度,再结合笔者实地调查的统计结果看目前我国留守儿童的监护权的现状,详细了介绍了留守儿童监护的四种类型：单亲监护、隔辈监护、上辈监护和同辈监护。本文第二章结合前一章留守儿童监护权现状的内容进一步指出了留守儿童监护权缺失造成的危害,并寻找监护权缺失深层次的原因。在父母外出务工期间,由于委托监护自身存在的缺陷,导致生命健康权无法得到保障,学习生活、情感心理以及道德品质出现畸形发展的危机。笔者从社会现实和现行未成年人监护法律的角度对留守儿童监护权缺失的原因进行剖析,落后的农村经济、城乡二元体制以及监护立法的疏漏和国家公权力干预的缺失成为留守儿童监护权缺失的主要原因。本文第三章通过研究国外典型的监护权制度模式,从中得到启发并提出完善我国留守儿童监护权制度的建议和对策。针对监护立法上的疏漏,建议从区分亲权与监护权的基础上出发,制定专门性保护留守儿童监护权的法律法规,并立法形式确立监护委托制度；最后,从完善国家对留守儿童监护权的保护机制和加强国家监护监督职能两个方面论述强化公权力对留守儿童监护权保护的介入和干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 The lack of custody of left-behind children is the direct cause of left-behind children in China today a serious problem, study the fundamental China’s guardianship rights legislation to protect the mechanism due to insufficient care system is imperfect. Introduction section of this article describes the background, purpose and significance of the thesis writing, as well as the author prior to the creation for the left-behind children existing literature, and a brief introduction to the framework of this study and the research methods. Body of the article discusses three chapters, the first field survey analyzed in combination to achieve the status of the custody of the left-behind children, combined with the harm caused by the lack of custody of left-behind children, analysis of the reasons for the lack of guardianship, and finally propose solutions to the lack of custody of left-behind children countermeasures and suggestions of the problem. The first chapter of Chinese scholars to define the basic concepts of the left-behind children, and that the object of this study, followed by elaborate the meaning and nature of the guardianship of the left-behind children. To sort out some of the basic concepts of left-behind children, from the legal guardianship and custody change the current custody system, combined with the statistical results of the field survey I see the current status of the custody of the left-behind children in China, the custody of left-behind children four types:single-parent custody, every generation guardianship, of generations ago guardianship and peer monitoring.The second chapter of custody of left-behind children in the status quo in the previous chapter further pointed out that the harm caused by the lack of custody of left-behind children, and look for the custody of missing the deeper reason. The parents of migrant workers during the period, due to entrust custody of its inherent disadvantages, leading to the right to life and health can not be guaranteed, and learning quality of life, emotional, psychological and moral crisis of abnormal development. The author from the legal point of view of social reality and the current Guardianship of Minors to analyze the reasons for the lack of custody of the left-behind children, backward rural economy, the lack of urban-rural dual system, as well as care legislation omissions and national public authority intervention custody of the left-behind children the main reason for missing.The third chapter study abroad the typical custody of system mode, gain inspiration and put forward suggestions and countermeasures to improve the system of guardianship of the left-behind children in China. For the guardianship legislation on the omissions, it is recommended that the departure from the basis of the distinction between parental authority and guardianship, developing specialized protection laws and regulations of the custody of the left-behind children, and legislative form the system of care commissioned; Finally, to improve the state custody of left-behind children protection mechanisms and strengthen national monitoring oversight functions discussed strengthening the involvement and intervention of the public power to the protection of left-behind children in custody.更多还原