不得强迫自证其罪原则研究

【作者】 张浩；

【导师】 谢佑平；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 不得强迫自证其罪原则最早产生于17世纪的英国。现代法治国家基于司法公正的理念,在限制和规范国家权力的同时都将不得强迫自证其罪确立为刑事诉讼的基本原则。我国2013年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》(以下简称新刑事诉讼法)第五十条增加了“不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪”的规定,但新刑事诉讼法仍保留了“应当如实供述”的相关内容。由此可见,我国新刑事诉讼法有保障被追诉人人权的价值倾向,但是立场还不够坚定。对不得强迫自证其罪原则的系统和深入研究有助于进一步完善我国刑事诉讼立法、增强人权保障理念,推动我国刑事司法制度的改革。本文共分为以下几个部分。第一章不得强迫自证其罪原则概述,本章回顾了不得强迫自证其罪原则产生和发展的历史,深入研究和探讨了这一原则产生和存在的法理基础,努力尝试解释这一原则的基本含义,以期为该制度的正确理解和法律适用提出一些建言。第二章域外不得强迫自证其罪原则考察,着重考察了英国、美国关于不得强迫自证其罪原则的相关规定和进展,以及德国和日本的相关法律规定。并对大陆法系国家和英美法系国家不得强迫自证原则进行了比较分析,以期为我国的法律移植提供一些建议。第三章我国不得强迫自证其罪原则的立法现状和问题分析,简单介绍了我国关于是否引入不得强迫自证其罪原则的各种主张。同时全面系统介绍了我国新刑事诉讼法对于该原则的相关规定,指出了新刑事诉讼法相关规定存在的问题。第四章新刑事诉讼法确立不得强迫自证其罪原则的重要意义,从理论和实践两个角度分析了不得强迫自证其罪的确立对我国法治进程的深远意义。第五章我国不得强迫自证其罪规定的的缺陷和完善,本章提出了我国应在确立不得强迫自证其罪原则的基础上对该原则有所限制和保留。同时提出应删除118条“应当如实回答”的相关规定。最后本章还提出通过增加权利告知制度、讯问犯罪嫌疑人时律师在场权以及建立自白排除规则、完善非法证据排除规则等措施以保障该原则的法律适用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Privilege against self-incrimination dated from17th century in England. Currently, many countries have established it as a basic principle in their criminal procedure law. The united nations regard this privilege as a lowest standard of an impartial trial for the accused."Forcing anyone to provide evidence proving his/her own guilt is prohibited." was written in article50of the criminal procedure law of PRC in2013.Mean while we can also read the provisions "the criminal suspect shall answer the investigators’questions truthfully". The paper aims at exploring the privilege systematically on the hope of helping improve the criminal procedure law and foster the reform of criminal procedure system in China. The paper is divided into the following parts:Chapter1is the general description of the privilege against self-incrimination. This chapter introduced the history and development of the privilege, analyzed the philosophy behind the privilege and tried to have clear explanation of this privilege for better understand and application of the principle.Chapter2is "study on the privilege against self-incrimination abroad". This chapter focused on and compared the extraterritorial regulation and development of the privilege so that China can transfer the principle better.Chapter3is the present provisions and problems about the privilege in China. This chapter analyzed briefly the provisions about this privilege in the new criminal procedure law and pointed out the conflict between the privilege and article118.Chapter4is the significance of the established privilege against self-incrimination talked of the theory and practice significance of the privilege in the criminal procedure in China.Chapter5is the deficiency and improvement of the provisions in China. This chapter suggested that we should establish the privilege against self-incrimination as a basic principle with some exception. At the same time, the chapter advised we should delete article118. Last, the chapter maintained that we can guarantee the application of the provisions by applying the rule of informing, lawyer involved in interrogating a criminal suspect, the voluntary confession rule.更多还原