十八世纪销往英国的纹章瓷研究

【作者】 王平；

【导师】 刘朝晖；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 纹章瓷是中国外销瓷中一个非常重要的品种,十八世纪纹章瓷的定制达到了顶峰,而这其中最主要的就是销往英国的纹章瓷。不同于一般的外销瓷,它的背后可以反映出定制者的身份、地位,乃至于通过纹章瓷的研究可以窥探18世纪英国社会的风貌。本文对十八世纪销往英国纹章瓷的研究,首先将其置于中国陶瓷史的研究序列中,虽然纹章瓷的装饰元素很多是带有明显西方特色的,但是它终究还是中国生产的产品,是中国陶瓷史漫长发展历程中的一个品种。在第一部分,以中国陶瓷研究的传统方法,对整个十八世纪销往英国的纹章瓷从器型、纹饰、装饰手法做一个整体的梳理。以明确纪年的器物为基准,用类型学的方法进行分期、断代。然后利用现有材料,展示纹章瓷的整个定制过程。纹章瓷与普通外销瓷的最大区别就在于它有明确的定制者,定制者对自己的纹章瓷一般都有明确的要求,如何将这种要求转化成具体的纹章瓷产品,这其中涉及到多方面的环节,比如定单如何运送到中国,到了中国怎样交给陶瓷工匠,中国陶瓷工匠能否完成定单的要求,纹章瓷生产好以后运送回英国,到了英国以后怎样交付给定制者。这一系列的问题,背后反映的是中西方交通,艺术和技术的交流。最后从纹章瓷的定制者出发,检视定制者的身份和其在社会中所处的地位,可以发现纹章瓷在十八世纪英国作为身份象征的角色,尤其在十八世纪早中期是非常明显的。但是随着纹章瓷的定制发展成为一种非常成熟的商业模式,纹章瓷已不再是贵族和上层社会的特权,几乎任何人都可以以比较低廉的价格从中国定制纹章瓷。与此同时纹章瓷的发展也开始走向衰落。更多还原

【Abstract】 Armorial porcelain is a very important type of Chinese export porcelain, the exportation of armorial porcelain reached its peak in18th century and mainly to Britain. Armorial porcelain can reflect people’s social status who ordered them. Thus through studying armorial porcelain we can explore18th Britain society.In this paper, armorial porcelain is first placed in the history of Chinese porcelain development history, although its adornment has obvious western characteristics, it is Chinese product. Based on traditional study method of Chinese ceramics, I’ll put armorial porcelain in order according to shape, pattern and adornment. Then using explicit dated products to divide all armorial porcelain of18th century.After that, using all material I can get to outline the ordering process. Normally people who ordered armorial porcelain had explicit demands, how to convert these demands to real porcelain products, that’s the question I want to answer in this section. There are many problems involved, like delivery and translation of order form, making process in China and sending products back to Britain.At last, through studying people who ordered armorial porcelain, one fact can be found that armorial porcelain is a symbol of social status especially in early and middle18th century. But afterwards, as ordering and making armorial porcelain became a commercial pattern, any person can have his own armorial porcelain with paying a little money. At this stage, armorial porcelain began to decline at the end of18th century.更多还原