我国小额诉讼制度构建研究

【作者】 王蓉；

【导师】 章武生；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要是在当前世界司法改革和我国新一轮民事诉讼程序改革的时代背景下,从考察借鉴域外法治发达国家的先进法制、研究中国的现实,构建具有自身特色、适合本国国情的小额诉讼程序的角度展开论述的。本次《民事诉讼法》修改过程中,为回实践和理论上的上述要求,特增设小额程序,这标志着小额诉讼制度在我国正式确立。积极构建小额诉讼程序那并不是对其他非诉讼纠纷解决机制的否定,而是在现有普通程序和简易程序之外,构建了一种新的诉讼制度以实现司法资源、社会资源的合理配置和运用,快速解决纠纷。本文通过介绍小额程序的基本内涵和价值、分析程序特征,介绍国内外目前关于小额诉讼程序的相关规定,深入分析我国目前小额制度的现状,并针对我国目前该制度在实施过程中可能出现的问题发表自己的看法,并提出相关对策。本文主要包括了四个章节：第一章为小额程序概述,介绍了小额诉讼制度的概念以及小额程序适用范围狭窄、程序简便灵活和注重调解的基本特征。从费用相当原理、接近正义之机会平等和程序和实体正义之平衡三个方面介绍了小额制度的法理基础。最后介绍了小额制度的价值功能,主要包括：提高司法效率,节约诉讼成本；繁简分流、分类适用；公正与效率之平衡；增强法律意识,提高法律信仰四个方面。为我国全面构建小额诉讼制度奠定理论基础。第二章介绍了以美国和英国为代表的英美法系和以德国日本为代表的大陆法系在建立小额诉讼制度上的经验和特点,并对它们的小额诉讼制度进行了归纳和总结,提供了我国构建小额诉讼制度的间接依据。第三章介绍了我国目前的小额制度在立法和司法抻面存在的主要问题。立法层面的问题包括：立法模式没有突出小额程序特征；小额制度标的额规定存在缺陷；小额制度立法过于单薄。司法层面的问题主要是：小额案件调解、撤诉率高；送达难、执行难问题较为突出；速裁制度急于求成,发展过快。第四章从宏观和微观上阐述了笔者认为在我国现行小额制度的适用中可能会出现的一些问题,并对我国进一步构建小额诉讼程序给出了自己的意见和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Judicial reform in this article is the current world and China’s new round of reform against the background of civil proceedings, investigation outside reference to the rule of law developed from advanced research on the rule of law, China’s realities, building out their own features, suitable to their own circumstances of small claims procedures in terms of discourse.In the process of amending the civil procedure code, for the practice and theory of the above requirements, additional small programs, which specifically address the litigation in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the annual average wage of employed30%on the following simple civil cases.This marks the formalization of small claims system in China. Actively constructing the small claims procedure that is not denied to other non-litigious dispute-resolution mechanisms, but in addition to the existing normal procedure and summary procedure, construction of a new lawsuit system in order to achieve rational allocation and use of judicial resources, social resources, resolve disputes quickly.This paper describes the basic connotation, value pursuit of small programs, as well as program characteristics and analysis of current domestic and international legal provisions relating to small programs, followed by a comprehensive and in-depth discussion on the present situation of Chinese wooden small programs, and establishing small claims system in China the program put forward their own ideas and suggestions. This paper consists of five main parts:The first part introduces the legislative background for small programs, and minor procedures and characteristics,legal basis and value of mall systems,and provide guidance to establishment of small process in china.The second part introduces the world experience of other countries and regions to set up small claims litigation system and characteristics of small-sum lawsuit system in these countries. And summary and conclusion are provided for constructing small-sum lawsuit system in China.The third part introduces normal procedure and fast program to outline the necessity of establishment of small claims procedures in China was discussed.The fourth part to describes my points and summary of the small proceedings, which in my opinion, small claims established on the basis of the principles and specific operation on the construction of small claims in China given the author’s own views.更多还原