【作者】 王波；

【导师】 李凯荣；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 陕北黄土高原属于西北干旱半干旱区，水土流失严重。在石油开采、冶炼和运输过程中造成了大面积的石油污染，使得该地区环境进一步恶化。石油污染可引起土壤空隙堵塞，改变土壤有机质的组成和结构及微生物区系，影响植物生长，与此同时，石油中的有害物质可在植物体内积累，并通过食物链对动物和人类产生危害。因此，筛选抗污染能力强的树种，对于石油污染土壤修复和污染环境治理具有十分重大的意义。本论文以黄土高原3种主要乔木树种刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）、油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）为研究对象，人工配制石油污染土壤，进行盆栽试验，结合测定与分析，研究了3种乔木树种对石油污染土壤的生长反应和生理响应机制。研究结果可为抗污染能力强的树种筛选及石油污染土壤植物修复提供了科学的理论依据。研究取得了以下主要结论:1.石油污染对不同树种的生长性状影响各有不同。刺槐苗木对石油污染反应明显，其株高、地径、地上干物质量、一级侧根长、根系干物质量基本随石油含量的增加呈现负相关。在低含量下侧柏株高、地径、主根长、根系干物质量等指标与对照差异不显著，在15-20g/kg石油污染处理下地上干物质量较对照显著性降低。油松苗木在较高石油含量（15-20g/kg）处理下，主根长、一级侧根长、根系干物质量等生长指标较对照显著降低，尤其值得注意的是各石油污染处理下油松地上干物质量较对照显著减少，表明各含量处理石油污染对油松影响最大。2.不同树种的抗氧化保护系统对石油污染的响应机理与石油污染强度和时间以及树种自身特性密切相关，显示出特殊性、动态性、多样性及复杂性的变化特点。3.3种乔木树种抗氧化保护系统中抗氧化酶、抗氧化剂或是两者之间的协同，在不同时段逆境期间发挥了一定的作用。各含量处理下刺槐和侧柏体内虽然H2O2含量较对照增加或显著性增加，体内造成了活性氧的积累，但MDA含量长期较对照没有显著性增加，说明在抗氧化保护系统作用下石油污染并未对膜结构造成实质性的损伤，刺槐和侧柏苗木抗氧化保护系统在石油含量20g/kg以内的石油处理下受损伤程度不明显，两者没有遭受实质上的毒害。而长期石油污染下，各水平处理油松体内H2O2和MDA含量较对照显著增加，而且两者含量的增加跟石油含量的增加基本上呈正相关，说明各石油污染处理下，油松苗木已经受到了氧化伤害，石油含量越大，油松苗木受到的毒害越大。4.不同树种渗透调节物质的累积量受石油污染强度和胁迫时间的影响。各树种渗透调节系统中渗透调节物质发挥渗透调节能力的大小取决于渗透调节物质的积累情况，因此石油污染下3种乔木的渗透调节能力是处于一种动态的变化中。可溶性糖在3种乔木树种中具有普遍的渗透调节作用，而不同石油污染强度下，脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白会在不同时期参与3种乔木的渗透调节。更多还原

【Abstract】 The loess plateau in northern Shaanxi belongs to arid and semiarid aera,where water andsoil loss is severe.The process of oil mining, smelting and transportation have caused oilpollution in large areas, making the environment deteriorating even further. Oil pollution cancause the soil block, change the composition and structure of soil organic matter andmicroflora, and influence the plant growth as well. At the same time, the harmful material inpetroleum accumulate in plants, causing harm to animals and human through food chain.Therefore, screening the trees species which have the high anti-pollution ability has extremelysignificance for oil polluting soil restoration and environmental pollution controlling.Three kinds of main tree species, Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis andPinus tabulaeformis were used as the objects of this research. The oil contaminated soil wasartificially mixed, the pot experiment was carried out. The growth response and physiologicalmechanism of the three species responding to oil-contaminated soil were discussed. Theresults of the study provide scientific theoretical basis for selecting tree species which havestrong ability to resist pollution and petroleum contaminated soil phytoremediation.Researchhas made the following main conclusions:1. The influence of oil pollution on the growth characteristics was different for three treespecies. Robinia pseudoacacia seedings react obviously to oil pollution. The plant height,ground diameter, dry matter on the ground, quality, level of lateral root length, and root drymatter quality basicly are negatively related with the increase of oil concentration. As the oilconcentration increase, the growth parameters are decrease.While Platycladus orientalisseedings react inconspicuously to oil pollution. The plant height, ground diameter, main rootlength, and root dry matter quality under each concentration treatment indicate no significantdifference compared with the controll. The ground dry matter is significantly lower than thecontrol under the pollution concentration in15to20g/kg. It indicates that high oil pollutionhas certain influence on Platycladus orientalis. In relatively high concentrations (15to20g/kg)treatments, the main root length, lateral root length, root dry matter quality and otherindicators of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings are significantly lower than control, especially itsground dry mass under different pollution concentration reduce distinctly.This shows thatdifferent oil pollution concentration have the big impaction on the species. 2. The response of antioxidant protection systems for different species to oil pollution isclosely related to oil pollution intensity and time, and own characteristics. This shows thechanging characteristics of particularity, diversity, dynamic and complexity.3. Antioxidant enzymes in antioxidant protection systems, or antioxidants, or the bothsynergy in in three species, played a certain role during different periods. Although the H2O2content of Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis under different pollutionconcentration increase or significantly increase, compared with controll,which shows reactiveoxygen accumulates in their bodies, MDA content doesn’t increase significantly in a longtime compared with control, indicating that under the effect of antioxidant protection systemit does not cause substantial damage to membrane structure. The damage of antioxidantprotection system for Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis within theconcentration of20g/kg treatment is not abvious, the two did not suffer in essence. Underlong term oil pollution, H2O2and MDA content of Pinus tabulaeformis under eachconcentration level increase significantly than control, the increase of the both basically arepositively correlated with the treated concentration, declaring under various concentration ofoil pollution, Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings have been oxidative damaged. As the higher theconcentration is, the greater the poison of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings suffer.4. The osmotic regulation substances cumulation of different species are influenced byoil pollution intensity and stress time.The ability for osmotic regulation substances to play therole in regulation system of each species depends on the size of the substances’ accumulation.As a consequence, oil pollution under three kinds of trees osmotic regulation ability is in adynamic change.Soluble sugar in three kinds of tree species have common osmotic regulationeffect, while praline and soluble protein can participate in different period of osmoticregulation under different oil pollution intensity更多还原