【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 赵惠燕；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫及害虫防治， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 我国土壤受污染面积已超过千万公顷，且重金属在土壤中会随着食物链传递至各营养层级。重金属Zn2+是生物的必需元素，但超过了一定的阈值则会影响生物的生长、发育。为了探索重金属锌长期胁迫下麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae）取食行为的变化。本研究在模拟自然的实验室条件下，用不同浓度Zn2+溶液浇灌土壤，通过土壤-小麦-蚜虫体系连续处理麦长管蚜20代，用EPG（刺探电位图谱）技术对第1、5、10、15、20代成蚜进行取食行为的研究。研究结果：麦长管蚜的取食行为会显著受到重金属Zn2+的影响。1.重金属Zn2+连续处理20代麦长管蚜，200mg/kg的Zn2+处理下非刺探波和C波的总持续时间显著增多，由第1代时的较对照显著缩短至第20代时显著延长，出现积累。800mg/kg、1600mg/kg时连续处理20代较第1代np波时间显著增加。C波的数量与持续时间的结果类似。2.长期重金属胁迫后，蚜虫在木质部取食波（G波）的持续时间均在各处理中均比对照显著延长。800mg/kg、1600mg/kg的高浓度处理时，G波时间明显增加，浇灌400mg/kg的时间与次数均显著减少。3.在有关刺探取食韧皮部的研究中，涉及分泌唾液的E1波持续时间及涉及被动取食营养的E2波出现次数并未受到低剂量Zn2+的显著影响，但高剂量的Zn2+处理后单独E1波、伴随稳定E2的E1波总持续时间及E2波的数量均显著低于对照。4.200mg/kg的Zn2+处理后，np波、C波这两类过程波的总持续时间和数量都显著少于对照，800mg/kg的高浓度Zn2+处理后这两类波的时间和出现次数显著高于对照，表明有效取食过程减少。5.在连续监测20代麦长管蚜的过程中，一直没有F波的出现，即使增加重金属Zn2+的浓度也没有改变监测结果。从上述研究结果得出以下结论：1.重金属Zn2+长期胁迫下麦长管蚜的取食行为存在积累效应2.重金属Zn2+会影响麦长管蚜在木质部吸食水分3.重金属Zn2+会影响麦长管蚜在韧皮部吸食营养物质4.低剂量的Zn2+促进麦长管蚜对小麦的取食，高剂量的Zn2+则对其有抑制作用。5.重金属Zn2+胁迫下细胞壁内和胞间可能未阻碍麦长管蚜取食本研究为重金属Zn2+影响蚜虫取食行为的进化和利用重金属防治蚜虫危害提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study was to explore the feeding behavior of Sitobion avenae underlong-term exposure of Zn2+.In the simulative natural environment, the wheat in the soil wasirrigated with different Zn2+solutions. S. avenae was treated for20generations consecutivelythrough soil-wheat-aphids system. The1st,5th,10th，15thand20thgenerations of adult aphidswere collected and analyzed using EPG.The results showed that,1. Even though the total duration of np and C were decreased at200mg/kg of zinc, theywere increased at20thgeneration. The duration of np waveform was longer at the20thgeneration than the1stgeneration. Similar resulst were obtained for number of C withduration of np.2. Durations of G were prolonged with different concentration of zinc. The high dose ofZn2+increased the difficulty on phloem ingestion from the xylem significantly at the15thgeneration.3. About the research on penetrating phloem of aphids,no significant influence was foundabout the duration of E1involved in salivation and number of E2waveform involved inpassive feeding in low-dose of Zn2+. However, the durations of single E1, E1followed bysustained E2and numbers of E2were decreased by high-dose of zinc. However, the durationsof single E1, E1followed by sustained E2and numbers of E2were decreased by high-doseheavy metal.4. The total duration and number of np and C were lowere at200mg/kg of zinc,whilethey were higher at the high-dose of zinc.It was conclude the feeding process is effectivelyreduced.5. There was no F waveform during20generations in different concentrations of zinc.The conclution were,1. There was accumulation effect.2. Getting water from xylem was influenced on Sitobio avenae by zinc.3. Phloem ingestion was difficult.4. The feeding behavior could be induced by low dose of Zn2+, while inhibited byhigh-dose.5. The feeding might be not hindered in cell walls and gaps between cells.更多还原