【作者】 马晓东；

【导师】 韩清芳；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 通过田间试验，对比3个超高产品种与3个普通高产玉米品种在生长不同阶段的植株形态、光合生理特征、光合产物、叶面积指数、冠层结构及产量构成因素，对于不同玉米品种的光合特性和群体结构进行分析，阐明玉米植株形态、光合特性与产量之间的关系，为玉米高产品种的筛选提供理论依据。研究主要结论如下：1、从玉米的整个生育期看来，玉米株高、叶面积指数、生物量超高产品种豫玉22、先玉335、先玉696显著高于秦龙11、先玉335、先玉696，在玉米的关键生育期（抽雄期、灌浆期）差异明显。2、在整个生育期中不同品种玉米的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度的变化规律一致呈现出先升高后下降的趋势，胞间CO2浓度表现为先下降后升高。豫玉22、先玉335和先玉696三个品种都表现出明显的光合优势。3、不同夏玉米品种灌浆期的叶绿素含量呈现明显差异，其中以豫玉22和先玉696的叶绿素含量最高，显著（P<0.05）高于秦龙11、浚单20、陕单609，分别较陕单609提高了30.1%、19.4%4、6个夏玉米品种叶片灌浆期的可溶性糖以豫玉22、先玉335、先玉6963个品种显著高于其他3个品种（P<0.05）。生长期内淀粉含量呈现出先升高后逐渐降低的趋势，在成熟期达到最低值。5、不同夏玉米品种的底层透光率在各生育时期均存在明显差异，其中豫玉22、先玉335、先玉6963个品种的透光率显著高于其他3个品种（P<0.05），而各品种之间的穗位层透光率无显著差异。不同品种冠层温度在灌浆期和蜡熟期呈现明显差异（P<0.05），灌浆期，秦龙11、浚单20、陕单609的冠层温度显著高于豫玉22、先玉335、先玉696。6、超高产品种豫玉22、先玉335、先玉696的籽粒产量显著高于秦龙11、浚单20、陕单609（P<0.05），分别较陕单609提高了24.0%、19.8%、19.6%。超高产品种主要依赖显著增加穗粒数来提高籽粒产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through a field test, three super high yielding varieties and three common Maizevarieties were compared at different growth stages i.e. plant morphology, photosyntheticphysiological characteristics, leaf area index, canopy structure and yield factors. Analysis ofsuper yielding varieties of photosynthetic characteristics plant morphology and leaf lighttransmission provide a theoretical base for screening high yielding varieties of maize. Themain conclusions are as follows:1. The entire growth period of maize showed that Plant height, leaf area index andbiomass of super high yielding varieties Yuyu22, Xianyu335were significantly higher thanthe Xianyu696, Qin Long11, Xianyu335and Xianyu696at critical growth stages of maize(tasseling, grouting period).2. Different varieties throughout the growing period of maize showed a downward trend inphotosynthetic and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance after the first rise of CO2concentration between cells which increased the performance of the present decline. Yuyu22,and the first jade Xianyu335, Xianyu696have showed a distinct advantage.3. Chlorophyll content filling stage of different maize varieties showed significantdifferences, in which Yuyu22and the first696jade have significantly higher chlorophyllcontent than Qinlong11, Xundan20, Shaandan609. Compared to Shaandan609chlorophyllcontent were increased by30.1%,19.4%4. Regarding soluble sugar content of six varieties of maize leaf, Yuyu22, Xianyu335andfirst696jade were significantly higher than the other three varieties. At first the starchcontent increases and then gradually decreased, reaching the lowest value at maturity.5． Different varieties of maize showed obvious differences of light transmission at variousgrowth stages。The light transmission in Yuyu22, Xianyu335and Xianyu696jade wassignificantly higher than the other three varieties and between all varieties ear layertransmittance was not significant. The canopy temperature of different varieties at grain filling and dough stage showed significant differences. Qinlong11, Xundan20, Shaandan609canopy temperature was significantly higher than Yuyu22, Xianyu335Xianyu696.6. Super high yielding varieties Yuyu22, Xianyu335and Xianyu696jade production weresignificantly higher than Qinlong11, Xundan20, Shaandan609respectively. Compared toShaandan609production was improved by24.0%,19.8%,19.6%.更多还原