【作者】 王佳；

【导师】 于三科；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 兽医（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代化家禽业的迅速发展，我国养禽业已从过去农户散养逐渐转向规模化、集约化的养殖模式。但随着高密度的养殖的快速发展，也伴随着一系列禽类疫病的发生，且其复杂性也逐步上升，使得禽病的防治变得尤为重要。王益区位于陕西省铜川市的中部，属于城郊型农业，有畜牧养禽村3个，大型规模场6个，禽类存栏502400只，养禽业发展趋势良好。2013年，通过对铜川市王益区禽病的流行病学、病原学、血清学调查及国家动物集中免疫情况进行调查研究，分析铜川市王益区禽病的发生和流行病学规律。本研究共调查统计规模化养殖场及家禽散养户禽类病例285例。结果表明，该区家禽约有14570只发病，发病率为3%，其中病毒病和细菌病在发病禽群中所占比重较高，分别为31%和30%，寄生虫病占20%，其他病（包括营养性疾病和中毒病等）占19%。流行病学调查结果显示，在63户禽养殖场（户）调查中，家禽共存栏50.24万羽，死亡2512羽，绝大部分为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌感染而导致的死亡。经统计分析，由病毒病引起鸡死亡得病例中，鸡传染性支气管炎占39%，低致病性禽流感占25%，鸡新城疫占19%，鸡传染性法氏囊病占16%，鸡痘占1%；由细菌病引起鸡死亡的病例中，鸡大肠杆菌病占52%，禽沙门菌病占36%，鸡支原体病占12%；由寄生虫病引起鸡死亡的病例中，鸡球虫病占59%，鸡蛔虫病占41%。重大动物疫病病原及免疫抗体检测结果表明，对227份鸡咽喉/泄殖腔试子进行高致病性禽流感H5亚型病原检测显示，阳性病原数为0只，而对223份鸡血清进行高致病性禽流感H5亚型免疫抗体检测，合格数为221只，合格率达99.10%；对190份鸡咽喉/泄殖腔试子进行新城疫病原检测显示，阳性病原数为0只。而176份鸡血清新城疫免疫抗体检测，合格数为164只，合格率达93.18%；对110份鸡血清进行H7抗体检测，结果均为阴性。调查结果表明，王益区禽类发病形势相对稳定，发病形式多以点状发生为主，无较大规模的疫情发生。对调查的养禽场（户）近年来的发病情况进行分析，均表明该区家禽免疫抗体水平较高，已达到国家农业部规定的标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of modern poultry industry, the farming model graduallyshifts to large-scale, intensive model. But with the rapid development of high density ofbreeding, a series of poultry diseases are also accompanied, and its complexity is alsogradually rising, making the poultry disease prevention is particularly important. Wang Yidistrict is located in the middle of Tongchuan city. There are three villages specialized forpoultry industry,6large-scale farms. There are total502,400poultry. The poultry industrydevelopment trend is good.In2013, through the investigation on the epidemiology, etiology, serology of poultrydiseases and the national animal concentrated immune conditions in Wangyi district ofTongchuan city, the principles of poultry disease occurrence and epidemiology were analyzed.This study surveyed285cases in large-scale and free-range poultry farms. The results showedthere were14570sick chickens in the area, the incidence was3%, including viral diseases andbacterial diseases accounted for a high proportion31%and30%, respectively, and parasiticdiseases (20%), other disease (including nutritional diseases and poisoning disease, etc.)accounted for19%. Epidemiological survey results showed that, in63poultry farms(households),2512chickens died out of total amount of502400, for the most part ofEscherichia coli and Salmonella infections were the main causes of death. Through statisticalanalysis, chicken death cases caused by virus diseases mainly included chicken infectiousbronchitis (39%), low pathogenic avian influenza (25%), Newcastle disease (19%), chickeninfectious bursal disease (16%) and chicken pox disease (1%). Chicken death cases caused bybacterial diseases mainly included chicken colibacillosis (52%), avian salmonellosis (36%),avian mycoplasmosis (12%). Chicken death cases caused by parasitic diseases mainlyincluded chicken coccidiosis(59%) and ascaridiasis (41%). The pathogens and immuneantibody testing results of major animal epidemic diseases showed that, in tested227samples,the positive pathogen number of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5subtype is0. In223seral samples of chickens immunized with the vaccine of highly pathogenic avian influenzaH5subtype, the qualified immune antibody number is221, the qualified rate is99.10%. Intested190samples, the positive pathogen number of Newcastle disease virus is0. In176seralsamples of chickens immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine, the qualified immune antibody number is164, the qualified rate is93.18%. The H7antibody test results of110seralsamples showed negative.The survey results showed that the incidence of poultry diseases was relatively stable inWangyi district. The incidence occurred in the multi-dotted dominated form, no large-scaleoutbreak occurred. The investigation on the incidence of poultry diseases of poultry farmsin recent years showed that the immune antibody levels were higher, reached the standards setby the National Ministry of Agriculture.更多还原