【作者】 王浩；

【导师】 胡艳英；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 加入WTO之后,我国食用菌产业获得了飞速的发展,食用菌的出口额较改革开放初期有了翻天覆地的变化,贸易额常年保持顺差,食用菌产品也成为我国主要的出口创汇型农产品,弥补了我国农产品的贸易逆差。在增加农民收入、繁荣农村经济、维护农业生态环境、实现出口创汇等方面,食用菌出口扮演着越来越重要的角色。我国是食用菌的生产大国,同时也是食用菌的出口大国,我国出口的食用菌产品在国际市场上占有很大的市场份额。但由于我国食用菌产品的竞争力较传统食用菌强国还有一定差距,很容易遭到国际市场上的不稳定因素影响,例如,2008年经济危机,导致我国食用菌出口额大幅下滑；还有进口国的绿色包装制度,以及其他非关税型贸易壁垒,也对我国食用菌出口造成负面影响。另外我国自身市场的管理及发展、食用菌产品的品质、食用菌生产加工环节标准等因素也制约着我国食用菌的出口,影响我国食用菌出口的竞争力。本文从研究我国食用菌的出口贸易现状入手,描述了我国食用菌的产品结构、市场分布状况；并对我国与其他主要食用菌出口国家的国际竞争力进行比较,利用相关指标对我国食用菌竞争力现状进行了评价。结果发现我国食用菌产品出口结构较为单一；洋蘑菇罐头的出口市场分布较为均匀,干香菇的出口市场集中在亚洲地区；荷兰和波兰为我国食用菌的主要出口竞争国。然后,本文利用恒定市场份额模型(CMS)对我国食用菌出口竞争力进行实证研究,结果发现,世界贸易效应、竞争力效应、市场分布效应在两期的测算中结果均为正值,对我国食用菌的出口增长起推动作用,而商品结构效应的计算结果为负值,对我国食用菌出口的增加起阻碍作用。最后,从内在因素和外在因素两个方面对影响我国食用菌出口的具体因素进行分析,通过建立引力模型测算出各个影响因素对我国食用菌贸易额的增加的影响程度；结果发现,城市化率对我国食用菌的出口额的增加影响最大；而我国的实际汇率水平相对其他因素对我国食用菌出口额影响较小。根据研究所得结果,分别从宏观层面和微观层面给出了具体的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 After joining the WTO, China mushroom industry gained rapid development. Mushroom exports compared with the beginning of the reform and opening up has undergone enormous changes, keeping the perennial trade surplus. Mushroom products have also become China’s major export-oriented agricultural products. The exports of edible fungus products make up for China’s agricultural products trade deficit. In increasing farmers’ income, prosperous rural economy, maintain the agricultural ecological environment and realizing export, etc., edible fungus export plays a more and more important role. Our country is edible fungus production country and also a major exporter of edible fungi. China’s exports of edible fungus products occupies a large market share in the international market. But as a result of China’s edible fungus product competitiveness is weak, vulnerable to fluctuations in the international market. In2008, for example, the economic crisis, leading to China’s edible fungus exports fell sharply; And importer’s green packaging system, other non-tariff barriers to trade, also bring a negative impact to China’s edible fungus export. In addition the management and development of China’s market, the quality of products of edible fungi, the standard of edible fungus production processing link also restrict the export of edible fungi in our country, affecting competitiveness of export of edible fungi in China.This paper studies the current situation of edible fungi in the export trade, describes China’s edible fungus product structure, market distribution; And to our country and other main export countries compares the international competitiveness of edible fungi, using the relevant index to the current situation of the edible fungus competitiveness of our country is evaluated. The results showed that China’s edible fungus product export structure is relatively single. The canned mushroom export market distribution is relatively uniform, dried mushroom export market focus in the region; Netherlands and Poland for edible fungus in China’s main export competitors.Then, this article uses constant market share model (CMS) of edible fungi in our country export competitiveness for empirical research, it was found that the world trade effect, competition effect, market distribution effect in two phase measuring results are all positive, promote China’s export growth of edible fungi, and the calculation results negative commodity structure effect, to prevent effect to the increase of export of edible fungi in China.Finally, from the two aspects of internal factors and external factors, this paper analyzes the factors which influence on the export of edible fungi in China, through the establishment of the gravity model to measure the various influence factors on the influence degree of increase of trade volume of edible fungi in China; It was found that the urbanization rate of China’s edible fungus increased exports most influence; And our country’s real exchange rate relative to other factors of China’s edible fungus exports less affected. According to the results of our research, respectively from the macro level and micro level concrete policy Suggestions are given.更多还原