罗素的逻辑原子主义哲学研究

【作者】 郑毅；

【导师】 黄秦安；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 早期科学哲学注重于认识论的研究,罗素的逻辑原子主义哲学可谓20世纪科学哲学思潮认识论研究的第一推动力。逻辑原子主义哲学内在的分析实在论主张一方面体现了数理哲学的特色,另一方面用逻辑分析的方法研究哲学给20世纪以后分析哲学的形成和发展提供了典范,同时对于“语言转向”中的元哲学问题也有十分深远的影响。罗素的逻辑原子主义作为一个从近代哲学过渡到现代哲学的产物,保留了很多近代哲学甚至古典哲学的思考问题的方法,同时加入了很多新的哲学元素。逻辑原子主义哲学的思想来源极为广泛,罗素借鉴了数学,逻辑学,神学,语言学和心理学的思想来研究哲学问题,使得他的逻辑原子主义哲学理论基础广泛而又深厚。从内容上看,罗素的逻辑原子主义哲学非常有条理性,通过对事实和命题的研究分析以及对一些哲学基本问题逻辑结构的判断得出哲学本体论、认识论、方法论的相关理念和学说,解决了一些颇具争议的哲学问题、争议以及悖论。从大的方向来看,逻辑原子主义仍然具有英国经验论的某些特色。这也成为逻辑原子主义哲学和后来的逻辑经验主义一脉相承的原因。逻辑原子主义哲学是罗素毕生哲学的核心之一,虽然罗素一生当中哲学风格大胆奔放,在矛盾中挣扎,时常否定自己前面的学说并对此乐不此彼。但是,逻辑原子主义哲学的内在哲学精神气质与外在的研究思路和方法始终贯穿了罗素甚至罗素所处的那个时代的所有哲学。罗素晚年也承认,逻辑原子主义哲学思想最能体现和代表他毕生哲学思想的精华。罗素被称为所有哲学的哲学家,他对哲学的理解到了一个非常难得的境界。在他看来,哲学的进步意义在于哲学所想象的事物永远比天上或地上存在的事物多。哲学与科学的唯一区别在于哲学是我们所不认识的东西,科学是我们已经认识的东西。认识上的每一次进步都扩大了科学的范围缩小了哲学领域。哲学家有一种爱冒险的倾向,喜欢在非确定性领域驻留。哲学的魅力在于沉思的自由。更多还原

【Abstract】 The early research about philosophy of science was focus on the epistemology. The philosophy of logical atomism is thought to the first driving force of epistemological philosophy in the20th century. One hand, logical atomism philosophical analysis of the internal realism argues about the characteristics of mathematical philosophy. On the other hand, it provided a model which used the method of logical analysis to study philosophy in the20th century and helped the formation and development of analytical philosophy. At the same time, it has a very profound influence for the "linguistic turn" in philosophical question. Russell’s logical atomism is a transition from classical philosophy to modern philosophy. It kept a lot of classical philosophy views and added many new philosophical elements, such as mathematics, logic, theology, and some ideas of linguistics and psychology. We can find that Russell’s philosophy of logical atomism is still has the features about British empiricist. It is a kind of logical ontology theory. The analysis of facts and propositions and logical structure of some basic philosophical problems solved some controversial philosophical question, dispute and paradox. The logical empiricism philosophy later has some similar factors with it. Logical atomism philosophy is the core of Russell’s philosophy. Although Russell always struggled in the conflict and contradiction even denied his front theory, a kind of spirit temperament inside and research methods outside played a very important role in philosophy world. Russell admitted that the philosophy of logical atomism glitters his best wisdom in his later years. Russell is called the philosopher of all philosophy and his understanding of philosophy had achieved a rare realm. In his view, the significance of philosophy is that there are more things we can not understand. The only difference between philosophy and science is that that science is what you more or less know and philosophy is what you do not know. Philosophy is that the part of science which at present people choose to have opinions about, but which they have no knowledge about. Therefore every advance in knowledge robs philosophy of some problems which formerly it had. The charm of philosophy consists in the speculative freedom.更多还原