【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 王金虎；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 世界史， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 1900-1929年，在短短的三十年的时间里，美国汽车工业发生了翻天覆地的变化，它经历了从汽车起步到汽车消费大众化的过程。从总体上讲，美国汽车业的发展经历了三个阶段：第一阶段是1908年以前，这一时期的汽车价格昂贵，汽车市场完全属于上层社会；第二阶段是1908年到20年代中期，大众市场是其主要特点，福特低价位的汽车占据了主导地位；20年代中期之后是第三阶段，美国社会出现了各种各样新功能和高质量的汽车，这也是汽车多样化市场到来的标志。美国汽车消费的大众化不是一蹴而就的，而是经历了艰辛的过程。首先，汽车消费的大众化离不开汽车的大规模生产。生产方面贡献最大的是亨利·福特亨利和他的福特汽车公司，T型车的发明和装配流水线技术的应用为汽车消费的大众化打下了坚实的物质基础。其次，汽车营销是汽车实现消费大众化的媒介。把大规模生产的汽车销售给消费者需要一定的方法和策略，在这方面做出卓越贡献的是阿尔弗雷德·斯隆和通用汽车公司，他们的不断探索和创新打破了“福特主义”传统的生产和销售模式，从而把汽车带进了第三发展阶段。最后，20世纪20年代美国消费社会的繁荣最终导致汽车消费大众化的实现。人们生活水平的提高以及消费观念和消费方式的改变刺激了汽车消费，汽车消费的大众化在20年代末最终得到实现，并对美国的城乡格局、道路建设、家庭生活等造成了巨大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the short thirty years from1900to1929, the great changes have taken place inAmerican automobile industry. It has experienced the process from the start to thepopularization of automobile consumption. Generally speaking, the development of the U.S.auto industry has experienced three phases: the first stage was befor1908. During thistime,the car is expensive and completely belongs to the upper class; The second stage isfrom1908to1920s. The main characteristics of U.S. auto industry is “mass market”andFord’s low price cars occupied the dominant position during this time; After1920s is thethird stage, the various cars of new functionality and high quality appeared in Americansociety, and this is the arrival of the diversification of the automobile market.The popularization of the automobile consumption is not achieved overnight, butexperienced the arduous process. First of all, it is dependent on mass production. The greatestcontributor to the production aspect is Henry Ford and his Ford Motor Company, theinvention of the Model T and the application of the assembly line technology had laid solidfoundation for the popularity of the automobile consumption. Second, automobile marketingis the medium of the automobile consumption. It needs some methods and strategies to sellmass produced cars to consumers. The outstanding contributions in this field is Alfred Sloanand General Motors, their constant exploration and innovation broke the traditional "fordcreed" of production and the sales pattern, and bring automobile into the third stage. Finally,1920s’ prosperity of the American consumer society eventually led to the realization of thepopularization of automobile consumption. People’ living standard rise and the change ofconsumption idea stimulate the automobile consumption. In conclusion, the popularization ofthe automobile consumption be realized in late1920s, and had a huge impact on AmericanRural and Urban areas, Road construction, Family life, etc.更多还原