【作者】 孙鹏；

【导师】 赵文阁； 马波；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 生态学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 北方须鳅（Barbatula nuda）隶属于鲤形目（Cypriniformes）鳅科（Cobitidae）须鳅属（Barbatula），为喜冷水性鱼类。本研究主要是对采自嫩江、黑龙江、松花江、图们江、鸭绿江不同水系的北方须鳅进行分类学整理，并且将形态学与分子系统学相结合对北方须鳅进行分析。形态学可数性状的研究结果显示，运用聚类分析、主成分分析及判别分析等多元分析方法分析，将我国东北地区的北方须鳅分为2种形态类型，一种为黑龙江群体，主要分布于黑龙江上游和嫩江上游区域；另一种分布于图们江、松花江上游和鸭绿江区域的群体，在这三个分布区域的群体中可能还存在隐存种。可量性状及外部形态特征研究结果显示，北方须鳅在我国黑龙江流域中，黑龙江上游和嫩江上游区域（黑龙江群体）与图们江、松花江和鸭绿江区域的群体在体色斑纹上有很大区别，并且黑龙江群体的口角须较长，达到眼眶中央或至眼眶后，图们江、松花江和鸭绿江群体的口角须较短，达到眼眶前端或眼眶中央，综上所述，将黑龙江群体单独归为一类，其他三个群体归为一类。基于线粒体D-loop和Cytb基因序列分析表明，北方须鳅在黑龙江流域存在3个主要的地理分布族群，分别为黑龙江群体即黑龙江和嫩江上游族群，松花江上游和图们江族群，鸭绿江族群，3个主要的地理族群间产生显著的遗传变异和分化，种群间存在一定的生殖隔离，基因交流受限。通过形态学和分子系统学的研究表明，建议暂将黑龙江上游和嫩江上游的须鳅种名定归为Barbatula noti，分布于图们江、松花江上游和鸭绿江须鳅种名归为Barbatula nuda，但在这三个地理区域间可能存在隐存种。更多还原

【Abstract】 Barbatula nuda is a member of the Barbatula, family Cobitiae, orderCrpriniformes, and it is a kind of small size cold-water fish. In this study，thetaxonomic status of Barbatula nuda is analyzed from Nenjiang River, HeilongjiangRiver, Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. based on the morphology andmolecular systematics methods.With the methods of morphological countable traits, cluster analysis, principlecomponent analysis and discriminating analysis, the result shows that the Barbatulanuda can be divided into two types. One is Heilongjiang population, which isdistributed in the upstream of Heilongjiang River and Nenjiang River; the otherpopulation is distributed in Tumen River, the upstream of Songhua River and YaluRiver, in which there may be an unknown species.With the study of measurable characters and external morphology, the resultshows that there is a big difference in color and stripe between these two types. TheHeilongjiang population has longer tentaculum, which reaches to the center or back oforbits, while the other population has shorter tentaculum, which reaches to the front orcenter of orbits. To sum up, Heilongjiang population belongs to one type, and theother three populations belong to the other type.Based on D-loop and Cytb gene sequence analysis, Barbatula nuda in the AmurBasin mainly consists of three geographic races, which are the geographic race inHeilongjiang (Heilongjiang River and the upstream of Nenjiang River), thegeographic race in the upstream of Songhua River and Tumen River, and thegeographic race in Yalu. There is genetic variation, divergence and reproductiveisolation among these three geographic races.Through the study of morphology and molecular systematics, it is suggested thatBarbatula in the upstream of Heilongjiang River and Nenjiang River should be namedas Barbatula noti, while Barbatula in Tumen River, the upstream of Songhua Riverand Yalu River should be named as Barbatula nuda. However, there may be unknownspecies in the three distribution areas.更多还原