【作者】 刘超；

【导师】 丁平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 生态学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 为探究陆桥岛屿栖息地中鸟类对片段化的敏感性及季节变化,了解不同岛屿间鸟类集团组成相似性对片段化的响应及季节变化,我们于2009年4月-2012年1月鸟类繁殖季(4、5、6月)和冬季(11、12、1月),选取千岛湖41个面积呈一定梯度的岛屿,采用样线法调查记录鸟类的种类和数量,根据食性、取食基底和居留型对鸟类进行集团划分,分析不同鸟类集团对栖息地片段化的敏感性和季节变化,探究鸟类集团组成相似性与岛屿参数的关系。研究结果表明：(1)部分鸟类集团对片段化的敏感性在繁殖季和冬季存在差异,如杂食鸟和留鸟,而其它鸟类集团对片段化的敏感性则无季节差异,如食虫鸟、林冠鸟、下层鸟和候鸟。(2)同一季节不同鸟类集团对片段化的敏感性也存在不同。繁殖季和冬季时,下层鸟对片段化的敏感性均高于林冠鸟；繁殖季时,食虫鸟和杂食鸟敏感性无显著差异,而冬季时杂食鸟敏感性高于食虫鸟；繁殖季时,留鸟和候鸟敏感性无显著差异,而冬季时留鸟敏感性高于候鸟。(3)鸟类群落组成相似性在冬季、繁殖季均与岛屿面积和生境丰富度显著负相关,而从全年来看,鸟类群落组成相似性仅与岛屿面积显著负相关。(4)相同季节不同鸟类集团组成相似性对岛屿参数响应不同。在繁殖季和冬季,食虫鸟和杂食鸟集团组成相似性对岛屿参数的响应都不同,留鸟和候鸟集团组成相似性对岛屿参数的响应都不同,而林冠鸟和下层鸟集团组成相似性对岛屿参数的响应一致。(5)不同季节相同集团组成相似性对岛屿参数的响应不同。食虫鸟在繁殖季和岛屿面积、隔离度和生境丰富度均未表现显著相关,但在冬季却与岛屿面积、生境丰富度显著负相关；杂食鸟在繁殖季与隔离度微弱负相关,但在冬季则无此规律；留鸟在繁殖季与隔离度显著负相关,而在冬季与岛屿面积和生境丰富度显著负相关。林冠鸟、下层鸟和候鸟在繁殖季和冬季与各岛屿参数均无显著相关性。千岛湖陆桥岛屿鸟类集团及其物种组成相似性对片段化的响应情况有别于陆地片段化斑块,该研究进一步充实了片段化栖息地中鸟类群落功能特征和动态变化的相关理论,有利于今后对鸟类群落开展更有针对性的管理和保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the sensitivities of avian communities to habitat fragmentation and their seasonal changes, and to understand responses of the bird guilds to habitat fragmentation and their seasonal changes, we sampled41land-bridge islands to encompass as much as variation in area as possible in the Thousand Island Lake in Zhejiang province, China. On these islands, we surveyed avian community compositions using line transect during the breeding (April to June) and winter (November to January) seasons annually from April2009to January2012. We assigned the bird species to different bird guilds according to the dietary types, foraging strata and migratory status. We then estimated the sensitivities of the bird guilds to fragmentation, seasonal changes and correlations between the similarities of the bird guilds and the island variables. The results showed that:(1) Sensitivities of some bird guilds, such as omnivorous and resident birds, to fragmentation were different between breeding and winter seasons. However, the others that included insectivorous birds, canopy birds, understory birds and migrant birds were not.(2) Different guilds displayed different sensitivities to fragmentation in the same season. Understory birds were more sensitive to fragmentation than canopy birds in both the breeding and winter seasons. Insectivorous and omnivorous birds showed no difference in their sensitivities to fragmentation in the breeding season, In winter, however, omnivorous birds were more sensitive to fragmentation than insectivorous birds. Resident and migrant birds also showed no differences in their sensitivities to fragmentation in the breeding season, whereas resident birds were more sensitive to fragmentation than migrant birds in winter season.(3) Similarities of the avian communities were negatively correlated with island area and habitat richness in both the breeding and winter seasons. Similarities of year-round avian communities were negatively correlated with island area.(4) Similarities of different bird guilds responded differently to the island variables in the same season. Similarities of insectivorous and omnivorous birds showed different responses to the island variables in both the breeding season and winter, so did the resident and migrant birds. Besides, canopy and understory birds didn’t respond differently in both seasons.(5) Similarities of some guilds responded differently to the island variables in different seasons. Similarities of insectivorous birds showed no correlations with the island variables in the breeding season, but were negatively correlated with the island area and habitat richness. Similarity of omnivorous birds showed a weak and negative correlation with the island isolation in the breeding season, but was not correlated with the island variables in winter. Resident birds were negatively correlated with island isolation in the breeding season and were negatively correlated with island area and habitat richness in winter. Canopy birds, understory birds and migrant birds showed no correlations with island variables in both seasons.Responses of bird guilds and similarity of their species composition to habitat fragmentation on land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake were different from the responses to terrestrial fragmentation. Our research enriched the theory on functional traits and dynamic changes of avian communities, thus it provided more specific management strategies in conservation for natural reserves.更多还原