【作者】 李莹；

【导师】 隋雪；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 句子理解中，当两个分句或短语具有相同结构并承担相同的句法角色时，我们称之为平行结构。1984年Frazier等人通过对英语句子中平行结构（parallel structure）的研究发现了平行效应（parallelism effects），平行效应是指读者阅读平行结构时，前一成分的加工会促进后一成分的加工。平行结构广泛地存在于各种语言中，那么汉语句子理解中是否存在平行效应呢？本研究以汉语句子为实验材料，探索汉语句子理解中，平行结构的加工中是否存在平行效应。本研究包括两个部分：汉语并列句中平行结构的加工和汉语连动句中平行结构的加工。第一部分考察汉语并列句中平行结构的加工特点。该实验用以“和”为连接的并列句为实验材料，“和”连接两个并列成分，通过变换“和”字前面的成分的结构改变并列的两个成分之间的关系。为了考察平行结构加工过程中是否出现平行效应，实验中两个并列成分首先存在“平行”和“不平行”两种关系。除此之外，本实验还增加了一种“近似平行”的关系，以便考察平行效应是否会出现在近似的平行结构中。结果显示：平行关系下，兴趣区内的阅读时间短于非平行关系。第二部分考察汉语连动句中平行结构的加工特点。平行结构不仅存在于并列句中，而且还存在于汉语的连动句中，那么平行效应是否存在于除了并列句以外的其他句式中呢？以往研究对于这个问题存在着很大的分歧。鉴于此，本实验以汉语句子中的连动句为实验材料，通过变换连动句中第一个动词后面的成分，使其与第二个动词后面的成分形成三种关系（平行、近似平行、不平行），以此来考察连动句中的平行结构的加工是否会产生平行效应。结果显示：三种类型下，兴趣区内的各种眼动指标并没有明显的差别。本研究得出以下结论：（1）汉语句子理解中存在平行效应。结构的平行有效的增加了平行结构中第二个成分的句法信息，降低了由第二个成分引起的记忆负担，从而释放了加工资源，促进了加工，因此阅读速度变快了。（2）汉语连动句子理解中不存在平行效应。平行效应对句式有依赖，只存在于特殊的句式中，比如并列句，这种效应并不是一种特殊的句法启动效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 In sentence comprehension, when two clauses or phrases with the same structure andhave same grammatical function, we call that it is a parallel structure. Frazier, Taft, Roeper,&Clifton (1984) found parallelism effect in parallel structure of English sentences. Theparallelism effect is a phenomenon that the second element of a coordinate structure isprocessed faster when it parallels the first element in comparison than it does not parallel thefirst element. In this paper we present two eye-tracking studies of Chinese, to clarify whetheror not parallelism effect is found in Chinese sentences.Experiment1was conducted in order to investigate the parallelism effect in coordinatestructures of Chinese. The conjunction of the linked verbal sentence is “and”. Throughtransform the structure before the word of "and" change the relationship between the twoelements. In order to investigate whether the parallelism effect could be found in parallelstructure, we design “parallel” and “not parallel” relationships in compound sentences. Inaddition, we added a third condition in which the noun modifier consists of a numeral. Thisexperiment showing that the reading time in the parallel structure was short.Experiment2was conducted in order to investigate the parallelism effect in linked verbalsentences. Parallel structure not only exists in the compound, but in linked verbal sentences.We want to know whether the parallelism effect could be found in linked verbal sentences.There are a lot of differences about this question in previous researches. In experiment2wewill address the question of whether the parallelism effect is indeed limited to coordination, orwhether it can be found in other syntactic environments as well. In this experiment, a readingtime advantage was not found when the second noun phrase had the same structure as thefirst.Basing on the study result, some inclusions could be come to:(1) Parallelism effect can be found in Chinese sentence comprehension. Parallel structureincrease the syntactic information contained in the second element of a parallel structure. Thisreduces the memory load imposed by the second element, thus freeing processing resources,and then sentence comprehension could be speeded.(2) Parallelism effect can not be found in linked verbal sentences and it is restricted tocoordinate structures. Parallelism effect is not a general priming effect.更多还原