【作者】 王丽丽；

【导师】 张胜；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究通过田间小区试验和室内化学分析相结合的方法,探讨了不同施钾量、不同施钾方式及不同钾肥品种对膜下滴灌马铃薯生长发育、生理指标、产量和品质及钾素吸收、分配、利用效率的影响,揭示了膜下滴灌马铃薯各器官钾素含量、积累量、利用效率等与块茎产量、品质的关系。主要研究结果如下：1.增施钾肥和钾肥分次施用,均可提高马铃薯各器官及全株的干物质积累量。施用硫酸钾肥比施用氯化钾肥对各器官干物质积累的促进作用更为明显。2.马铃薯各器官钾素含量以块茎形成期前为最高,表现为茎秆>叶片>块茎,此后均缓慢下降。增施钾肥和钾肥分次施用均可有效促进各器官钾素的累积吸收量,并能促进茎叶中钾素向块茎中的转移。3.随生育时期的推进,马铃薯叶片POD活性呈逐渐增高趋势,SOD活性和叶绿素含量则呈逐渐降低趋势,MDA含量和脯氨酸含量呈先降后增的变化趋势。随施钾量的增加POD活性和MDA含量先降低后增加,而SOD活性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量则先增加后降低。分次追施硫酸钾可有效延缓叶片衰老。适量施钾有利于提高马铃薯叶片SOD活性和Pro、叶绿素含量,而降低POD活性和MDA含量,减轻膜脂的过氧化程度,延缓叶片衰老进程。4.随着生育进程的推进,马铃薯块茎淀粉含量逐渐增加,而蛋白质和还原糖含量则逐渐降低。增施钾肥和钾肥分次施用均有利于块茎淀粉和蛋白质含量的提高,还原糖含量的降低。马铃薯施用硫酸钾肥较施用氯化钾肥对块茎品质提升更有利。5.适量施钾、钾肥分次施用可提高马铃薯块茎产量、经济效益、淀粉产量、蛋白质产量和千公斤产量吸钾量。本试验条件下,施钾量为270kg/hm2时,马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉产量、千公斤产量吸钾量均最高,分别为30354kg/hm2、464357元/hm2、15037kg/hm2、11.89kg。6.随着施钾量增加,钾素利用率逐渐降低,钾肥分次施用有利于提高钾素利用率。马铃薯施用硫酸钾肥比氯化钾肥对提高钾素吸收利用率更有效。7.施钾量与偏生产力之间、MDA与产量之间、偏生产力与蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量之间存在显著或极显著负相关关系。马铃薯块茎蛋白质含量、淀粉产量、蛋白质产量、Pro和叶绿素与产量之间呈显著或极显著正相关关系,马铃薯各器官钾素含量、积累量、叶片抗逆生理指标与块茎品质各指标之间均呈显著或极显著正相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, the effects of different amounts of potassium, potassium different patterns and different potassium sources on drip irrigation potato growth, drought resistance physiological indexes, yield and quality, and potassium absorption and distribution of research reveals the relationship between potassium content of various organs of potato and yield、quality, by chemical analysis and biological statistic methods. The main results were as follows:1. Increased and split application of potassium can improve the accumulation of dry matter of different organs and the whole plant of potota, application of potassium sulfate is more obvious than the role of potassium chloride.2. Before the tuber formation, potassium content of various organs are highest, showing:stem> leaf> tubers, hereafter, they were slow decline. Increased and split application of potassium can effectively promote the accumulation of potassium uptake of various organs, and it can facilitate the transfer of the stems and leaves to the tubers of potassium.3. With the advance of growing stages, POD activity of leaves showed a rising trend. SOD activity and chlorophyll content was gradually decreased, MDA and proline content firstly decreases and then increases. As the amount of potassium application increased, POD activity and MDA content firstly decreases and then increases, but SOD activity、proline content and chlorophyll content firstly increases and then decreases. Graded topdressing potassium can effectively delay leaf senescence. A moderate amount of k application to improve the potato leaf SOD activity and Pro, chlorophyll content, and decrease POD activity and MAD content, reducing the level of membrane lipid peroxidation of leaf senescence process.4. With the advance of growing stages, potato tuber starch content increased, but protein content and reducing sugar content decreased gradually. Increased and split application of potassium can improve the starch and protein content inordinately, but decreased sugar content.Application of potassium sulfate on potato is better promotion tuber quality5. The amount of potassium, potash fractionated administration can improve potato tuber yield.starch yield.protein yield and yield one thousand kilograms potassium uptake. Under the experimental conditions. K. quantity is270kg/hm potato tuber yield,starch yield and yield one thousand kilogramspotassium uptake were the highest, respectively30354kg/hm2、46435yuan/hm2、15037kg/hm2、11.89kg.6. As the amount of potassium application inceeased, Potassium utilization were decreased, Graded topdressing potassium was benefit of Potassium utilization. Potato fertilization potassium sulfate is more effective than potassium chloride to raise Potassium utilization.7. Between the amount of potassium and partial productivity,MDA and yield, partial productivity and protein content,the protein yield significant or significant positive correlation. Protein content of potato tubers、starch yield、protein yield、Pro、 chlorophyll and yield significant or significant positive correlation.Between the potato various organs potassium content,accumulation,Physiology indexes of resistance and tuber quality indexeswere significant or significant positive correlation.更多还原