【作者】 周维；

【导师】 李素琼；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 外国语言学及应言学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在语言接触过程中，语言变化频繁发生。男性称谓语泛化，即，用男性称谓语来称呼女性，泛化男性称谓在汨罗当地出现已久，是汨罗方言中一种特殊的语言现象。随着与普通话的频繁接触，男性称谓语泛化的语言现象也出现了变化，更多普通话的女性称谓取代方言中泛化男性称谓来称呼女性。本研究以称谓语研究为基础，以语言接触理论为指导，以汨罗本土120人为调查对象，运用观察、访谈以及问卷调查的方法，对五种泛化男性称谓的变化情况进行考查。最后借助GoldVarb X和Excel(2007)等软件对所得数据进行统计分析。研究发现，泛化称谓语的变化是由主观因素和客观因素共同作用的结果。在社会不断发展以及与普通话不断接触中，当地部分人的观念开始变化，女性独立意识增强，泛化的男性称谓被普通话的女性称谓替代。从汨罗方言中五种泛化男性称谓的变化来看，将女性称为伢子变为称呼其全名的变化最多；其次是将女性称为伯伯变为称呼其为XX姨或者是XX姑；变化较少的是将女性称为叔叔变为称呼其为XX姨或者XX姑；将女性称为嗲嗲变为称呼其为XX奶奶或XX娭毑；将女性称为舅舅变为称呼其为XX舅妈。这种泛化男性称谓的变化呈现一定的规律，女性更多使用变化后的称谓，泛化男性称谓的变化更多发生在年龄在18-29之间，学生中发生的变化较大，教育水平在大学及以上的使用变化的称谓较多，在较正式的语言环境中变化后的称谓使用较多。从语言态度方面来看，大部分当地人还是能够接受这种变化，其中女性更容易接受这种变化，学生也比较容易接受这种变化，但农民比较反对这种变化。多数人认为这种称谓的变化是一种社会变化所呈现的趋势。男性称谓泛化变化的是社会变化的一种投射，一方面能够加深人们对当地文化的了解以及对称谓变化的正确认识；另一方面，通过这种男性称谓变化来体现女性独立意识的觉醒。更多还原

【Abstract】 Changes take place frequently in a language in its contacts with others. This languagephenomenon, extensive use of male address forms, namely, using male address forms to callfemales has existed long and is very special in Miluo dialect. However, with its frequentcontacts with Putonghua, changes also have occurred in the extensive use of male addressforms, during which more female address forms in Putonghua took the place of those in Miluodialect and find their applications in females.On the basis of the study of address forms, under the guidance of the theory of languagecontact and with120Miluo locals as its research subjects, this research finds the applicationsof research methods like observation, interview and questionnaire research to investigate thechanges of five types of extensive male address forms and finally an analysis is made of thestatistical data through GoldVarb X and Excel (2007).It is found through the research that changes of extensive use of male address formsresult from the joint efforts of objective and subjective factors. With the constant developmentof society and its contacts with Putonghua, changes start to take place in the concepts of someMiluo natives, females’ awareness of independence enhance and extensive use of maleaddress forms in Miluo dialect is substituted by those in Putonghua.From the perspective of changes of the five types, change from yazi(伢子) to one’s fullname occurs most, followed by change from bobo(伯伯) to XXyi(姨) or XXgu(姑). Changeslike change from shushu(叔叔) to XXyi(姨) or XXgu(姑), change from diadia(嗲嗲) toXXnainai(奶奶) or XXaijie(娭毑) and change from jiujiu(舅舅) to XXjiuma(舅妈) appearcomparatively less. Meanwhile the changes of extensive use of male address forms presentcertain regularity. Miluo females favor post-alternation address forms; Miluo people between18and29are more inclined to use post-alternation ones; great changes take place amongstudents in their use of these address forms; people receiving university education or aboveprefer the post-alternation ones; post-alternation ones find more applications in a formallanguage context. From the perspective of their attitudes towards language, most locals canaccept these changes, especially females. Students favor these changes while farmers opposethem. Most people think they are a trend of social change. Changes of generalization of male address forms reflect social changes. For one thing, itcan deepen their understanding of local cultures and help them recognize these changescorrectly. For another thing, it can also embody the awakening of females’ awareness ofindependence.更多还原