【作者】 王星；

【导师】 李群良； 何曙光；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 环境工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 我国的农业废弃物产出居世界首位,其中包括农作物秸秆及牲畜粪便等。这些废弃物中含有大量植物所需的碳氮源,是一座天然的“宝库”,利用堆肥法可以将这些废弃物“变废为宝”,将其用于改善土地环境,提高农作物产量。本文利用农业废弃物进行堆肥,研究在不同的发酵条件下,堆肥发酵特性及氮素迁移转化规律。将甘蔗叶与新鲜的牛粪以1：3的重量比进行充分混合,在同样的外界条件下,利用密闭容器强制通气法和翻堆法两种好氧发酵法进行堆肥,通过对两种发酵过程中的温度、pH值、含水率、有机质、氨氮、硝态氮以及亚硝态氮含量的变化的测定,来研究不同条件下堆肥过程中的氨氧化规律的差异。结果表明,翻堆发酵比通风发酵中的温度高2-4℃,有机质降解率高28.25%,最终含水率高8.08%,最终pH值高0.12,这些因素的不同导致通风发酵法的硝态氮含量高于翻堆发酵法23～165mg/kg,前13天通气发酵中氨氮含量高48～1017mg/kg,后期翻堆发酵含量高1-42mg/kg,亚硝态氮前9天翻堆发酵含量高285-425mg/kg,后期通风发酵含量高41～118mg/kg。种子发芽率结果GI>50%。表明不同发酵方式发酵过程中的发酵特性和氮素转化规律不同。在同一种发酵罐中对蔗糖厂滤泥加花生壳粉加微生物菌剂(简称滤泥混合物)和牛粪加花生壳粉加微生物菌剂(简称牛粪混合物)两种配料进行发酵实验,对发酵过程中的温度、含水率、pH值、有机质、氨氮和亚硝态氮含量进行考察。堆肥结果显示,牛粪混合物堆肥的最高温度为80℃,滤泥混合物堆肥最高温度为70℃；牛粪混合物堆肥过程中水分含量由最初的70%下降到45%,有机质含量由70%下降到46%,pH值由8.2下降到7.8；滤泥混合物堆肥中的水分、有机质含量变化不规律,水分最高为52%,最低为44%,有机质含量最高为49%最低为40%,pH值由7.3上升到7.8。牛粪混合物中最终硝态氮含量为15974mg/kg,滤泥混合物中最终硝态氮含量为27365mg/kg。两种物料堆肥最终G1分别为100.4%、91.8%。表明不同的发酵物料发酵过程中发酵特性及氮素的迁移转化规律不同。对翻堆发酵以及大规模牛粪混合物发酵的结果进行对比分析,结果表明两种堆肥过程中温度变化规律相似,都分为升温、高温、降温和腐熟四个阶段,有机质的变化趋势都是下降的,氨氮含量的变化是由高到低,硝态氮含量的变化规律都是上升的,亚硝态氮的变化规律受发酵规模和发酵物料的影响,水分含量的变化与温度密切相关,最终pH值都在6.5-8.5范围内。表明发酵的过程中温度、有机质、氨氮、硝态氮的变化规律是相似的,而亚硝态氮和水分的变化分别受发酵规模与物料和温度的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The abundant output of agricultural waste in our country was of great advantage. The component of agricultural waste include straw and livestock manure. Large amount of carbon and nitrogen were contained in the wastes, which can be used to composting. This method can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution, it can also improve crop yields. This test was carried out with two different methods intend to research the fermentation properties and the removing and transforming of nitrogen in different conditions.The mass ratio of sugarcane leaves/cattle manure was1:3. The study was conducted with two modes:aeration mode and pile-turn mode under the same external conditions. A detailed study on the influence factors of the composting was performed including temperature, pH, moisture, organic matter, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The results showed that comparing to the aeration mode, the temperature was2.5-5.2℃higher than that of turning mode, the ratio of the organic matter degradation was28.25%higher than that of turning mode, the final moisture content was8.08%higher than that of turning mode, the final pH was0.12higher than that of turning mode, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was23～65mg/kg lower in the turning mode. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the first13days was48～1017mg/kg lower in the turning mode, and then1～42mg/kg higher in the turning mode. The concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the first13days was285～425mg/kg higher in the turning mode, and then41～118mg/kg lower in the turning mode. The result of GI is over50%. The results show that the fermentation properties and the removing and transforming of nitrogen were different in different composting modes.Composting was executed with two stock, sugar factory mud/peanut shell powder/microbial agents (sludge mixture) and cattle manure/peanut shell powder/microbial agents (manure mixture), in the same composter. A study on the influence factors of the composting was performed including temperature, pH, moisture, organic matter, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The composting results show that the highest temperature of manure mixture composting was80℃, and about70℃in the sludge mixture composting. The moisture content was reduced from70%to45%, the organic matter content was reduced from70%to46%, the pH was reduced from8.2to7.8in the manure mixture composting process. The moisture, organic matter contents in the sludge mixture composting were not change at rules. The moisture was change in the range of44～52%, the organic matter content was change in the range of40～49%. The pH is increased from7.3to7.8. The final concentrations of nitrate nitrogen were15974and27365mg/kg in manure mixture and sludge mixture composting respectively and eventually GI are100.4%and91.8%respectively. The results show that the fermentation properties and the removing and transforming of nitrogen were different with different composting feed.A contrastive analysis was done to the results of two composting style: manure mixture composting and turning composting. The result show that the change of temperature were same, Several steps were involved in the process: temperature-rise period, high temperature period, temperature-fall period and maturity period, the trend of organic matter changes went to decrease, the trend of ammonia nitrogen changes went to decrease, the trend of nitrate nitrogen changes went to increase, the nitrite nitrogen changes was influenced more by the fermentation feed and scale. The change of moisture was related closely with the temperature. The final pH was within the scope of6.5-8.5. These results show that the changes of temperature, organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were similar in the composting, but the nitrite nitrogen and moisture were influenced by the fermentation feedstock plus scale and temperature, respectively.更多还原