【作者】 王健；

【导师】 张龙军；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境科学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 黄河流域内岩石化学风化的研究对于全球碳收支平衡具有重要意义。然而青藏高原亚流域对黄河流域DIC的贡献，不仅包括黄河源头区（从黄河发源地至达日）和主要水源区（达日至兰州段）的贡献，而且还包括洮河、大通河、湟水等较大支流DIC的输入。本文根据2013年夏季、秋季和2014年冬季、春季的对黄河上游干流及其支流河水无机碳及水化学特征的调查，理清了黄河兰州站大约有30%的DIC通量来自于上游主要支流的贡献，而黄河源头区输入兰州站的DIC通量大约占到14%，黄河主要水源区贡献量达到56%。同时黄河中游黄土高原亚流域有大量引黄灌区存在，引黄灌区由于受灌溉方式、地质、地形地貌等因素的影响，会导致一部分高离子浓度的井灌水回归河道。高离子浓度的井灌水回归河道，势必会增加河道内风化来源的阳离子的量，从而对当前流域化学风化估算量造成影响。根据2012年6月和2013年5月采集的河南、宁夏和内蒙等引黄灌区地下水实测数据，并结合文献数据，探讨了引黄灌区地下水离子组成的分布特征。结果表明：因受蒸发作用和人为因素影响较小，深层地下水矿化度和HCO3-的浓度小于浅层水，但HCO3-占阴离子比例大于浅层水。因各灌区蒸发量、降雨量以及岩性的不同，浅层地下水化学组成和风化来源阳离子浓度在各灌区表现出较大的差异。HCO3-占阴离子的比例在河南灌区最高，内蒙灌区中部和宁夏灌区次之，内蒙灌区东西部最低。河南和内蒙灌区风化来源阳离子浓度相差不多，均大于宁夏灌区。灌区浅层地下水灌溉回水增加的黄河流域化学风化消耗CO2的量为23.3×108mol/a。更多还原

【Abstract】 The chemical weathering of continental rocks constitutes an important carbonsink for atmospheric CO2. However, Tibetan Plateau contributes to DIC of YellowRiver Basin, including not only the Yellow River source region (from the birthplaceto Dari) and the main water source area (from Dari to Lanzhou), but also the TaoRiver, Datong River and Huangshui. Based on the datas of summer, autumn in2013and winter, spring in2014of the mainstream and tributaries in the Yellow Riverupstream, we conclude that: about30%of the DIC flux from the tributariescontribution, while the Yellow River source region accounts for roughly14%of theDIC flux and the main water source area contribution of over50%. Meanwhile thereare a lot of irrigation areas in Loess Plateauv of Yellow River. Due to the impact ofirrigation methods, geology, topography and other factors, there will be a lot ofirrigation groundwater back to the river.However, the returned irrigation groundwaterback to rivers, with high cation concentrations, will definitely overestimate thosederiving from rock weathering in the river water and have an impact on CO2consumption in the river basins. Based on groundwater samples from the Henan,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia irrigation districts in June,2012and May,2013as wellas data from references, this paper discusses the chemical distribution characteristicsof groundwater in the Yellow River basin. The results show that: since theevaporation process and human activities impose little impact on the deepgroundwater, the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the concentration of HCO3-inwhich are much lower than those in the shallow groundwater. In contrast, thepercentage of HCO3-in anions (HCO3-%) of the deep groundwater is larger.Influenced by factors such as evaporation, rainfall and lithology, shallow groundwaterchemical compositions of these three irrigation districts show different characteristics.HCO3-%is the largest in the Henan irrigation district followed by the central region ofInner Mongolia and Ningxia irrigation district, with those in the east and west regionsof the Inner Mongolia irrigation district are the smallest. The cation concentrationsfrom rock weathering in the Henan and Inner Mongolia irrigation districts are almost the same and they are both larger than that in Ningxia. The flux of CO2consumptionwhich is overestimated by returned irrigation groundwater in the Yellow Riverdrainage basin is23.3×108mol/a.更多还原