对外汉语教材同话题篇目对比研究

【作者】 王莹；

【导师】 郭圣林；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 初级对外汉语教材的汉语语音、词汇和语法的基础知识,它的质量直接影响学生当前及以后的各种汉语课型的学习。本文从《汉语教程》与《汉语初级强化教程》两部教材中挑选出8组同话题篇目,对词汇、语法、练习三方面作了比较分析。词汇方面,本文从生词量、生词条目异同和生词注释三方面对比研究两部教材中的同话题篇目。首先对比分析8组同话题篇目生词表中生词的数量。其次,对比同话题篇目生词表,找出其中相同条目和不同条目的生词。通过以上两项的比较发现,这8组课文的生词编选上有很多重合之处,不同之处主要在于同话题篇目在教材中所处的位置不同,如话题“生日”在教材《初》中是第12课,而在教材《汉》中却是第23课。最后,笔者从释义模式和释义内容两方面对比分析了这些篇目中的生词注释。语法方面,主要比较语法的编选与注释。一方面,比较两部教材中同话题篇目语法项目的异同,分析两部教材语法项目编排存在的差异；另一方面,比较其中相同或相似的语法项目的注释,发现两部教材在注释上都采用了中英文解释十例句的模式,在解释抽象的语法概念时《汉》较多采用图例,而《初》则倾向于采用公式。习题方面,主要分析同话题篇目的题型和题量。重点对比研究每组课文中共有的题型和特有的题型。共有题型有朗读、选词填空和回答问题等。特有题型有连线题和标声调等。其中共有题型能进一步发挥经典题型的优势,特有题型则有助于对外汉语教材题型的创新。最后,根据以上对比分析,就对外汉语综合教材的编写提出了几点可行性建议。一是词汇方面：1.注释以词为条；2.注意汉英词语的不对应；3.相关引申义要列入；4.虚词用法要加以注释。二是语法方面：1.列出句型模式(使用公式的方法)；2.使用例句对比；3.分类注释语法点的使用；4.列出可能出现的偏误；5.适当使用插图。三是习题方面：宏观上建议多编写综合性习题涉及多项考察；微观上建议形式多样化和难度渐强的设置。更多还原

【Abstract】 Foreign students-targeted Chinese textbooks, as major teaching materials, contain the basic knowledge of Chinese phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. Their qualities directly affect students’ current and future learning of the various Chinese courses. Focusing on8texts of similar topics selected from two teaching materials, this paper will make a comparative study between "Hanyu Jiaocheng" and "Intensive Elementary Chinese Course" based on three aspects—vocabulary, grammar and exercises.In terms of vocabulary, the paper will deal with in the selected texts by comparing the amount of new words, the similarities and differences of new word entries, and exegeses in three aspects. Initially, the writer will analyze the differences in quantities and the cause of such differences. Then, the writer will try to find out new words in the same entries and different entries. At last, the writer will analyze the exegeses of the selected texts from two aspects:the method and the content.In grammar part, the paper mainly compares the selection and the exegeses. On one hand, it analyzes the similarities and differences of grammatical items. On the other hand, by comparing and analyzing the exegeses of the similar grammatical items, it will try to find out the features of these exegeses.As for the exercises, the paper will focus on the density and intensity of the exercises in the selected texts. The main point will be the analyses of similarities and differences. In the end, according to the above comparisons and analyses, the paper will give some feasible suggestions on the compilations of foreign students-targeted Chinese textbooks.更多还原