【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 刘福胜；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 结构工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济和社会的发展,从战略角度整体出发,国家迈出了建设节约、低碳、环保社会的步伐。在建筑领域,建筑节能已成为我国建设节约、低碳、环保国家的重要环节。建筑节能主要是通过墙体保温系统来实现,因此,对墙体保温隔热材料的研究和应用将会成为建筑建材领域可持续发展的一个新趋势。本文以玻化微珠-小麦秸秆复合保温砂浆为研究对象,以玻化微珠和小麦秸秆为保温骨料,将石料开采加工过程中产生的大量废弃花岗岩石粉等作为掺合料,制定适宜的技术路线,通过理论分析、物理试验、数值模拟等方式,配制出保温隔热性能良好新型利废的复合保温砂浆,并研究其保温性能、耐久性能和各项物理力学性能。首先,探索出小麦秸秆的碱处理方法。小麦秸秆中的糖类物质对水泥水化具有抑制作用,试验将定量小麦秸秆在不同浓度的NaOH溶液中浸泡不同时间,用小麦秸秆的质量损失率表征小麦秸秆中糖类物质溶出率,通过分析秸秆质量损失情况,得到小麦秸秆的碱处理方法。其次,研究了小麦秸秆对水泥砂浆的影响。通过水泥胶砂试验,对比无秸秆试样、掺未处理秸秆试样、掺碱处理秸秆试样,得出掺碱处理秸秆试样的抗折强度和抗压强度明显较掺未处理秸秆试样的高,但较无秸秆试样低；掺碱处理秸秆试样的折压比较掺无秸秆试样的高。结果表明,碱处理后的小麦秸秆能降低糖类物质对水泥砂浆强度影响,并能提高材料韧性。另外,从扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片角度,分析各组试样水泥水化产物形貌特征,解释其强度变化机理。第三,通过正交试验,分析了玻化微珠、小麦秸秆、粉煤灰和砂四个因素对玻化微珠-小麦秸秆复合保温砂浆干密度、抗压强度和导热系数的影响规律,并得到基本配合比,为后续的配合比优化试验提供数据支持。第四,依据基本配合比进行配合比优化得到新的基础配合比,并以此为基准,进行单掺小麦秸秆试验。从宏观性能和SEM图片两方面,研究分析小麦秸秆掺量对保温砂浆的影响,得到两种玻化微珠-小麦秸秆复合保温砂浆配合比。第五,结合课题组研究的夹心秸秆砌块墙体,利用ANSYS有限元软件,分析整个保温墙体系统的热工性能。根据墙体温度场和热流密度分析得到,保温砂浆能提高墙体保温性能,降低建筑热桥。最后,对玻化微珠-小麦秸秆复合保温砂浆进行经济、社会效益分析。虽然复合保温砂浆成本与普通保温砂浆相差不大,但利用小麦秸秆、废弃花岗岩石粉、粉煤灰等废弃材料,符合我国建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会的要求。本课题受山东省科技发展计划项目(2013GNC11403)支持,探索出小麦秸秆碱处理方法,利用废弃资源,配制出保温隔热性能良好新型利废的复合保温砂浆,并研究其各项性能和机理,拓展了小麦秸秆在建筑领域的应用,可为小麦秸秆建筑材料的进一步研究提供数据支持,拓宽研究思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the economy and the development of the society, the state has made the pace in the construction of economical, low carbon and environmental protection of the society from a strategic point of the whole. In the field of construction, building energy conservation has become the important link of the country in the construction of economical, low carbon and environmental protection. And the building energy efficiency is achieved mainly through the wall thermal insulation system. Therefore, the study of the wall thermal insulation materials and the application will be the new trend for the sustainable development of construction industry building.Based on glazed hollow beads insulation mortar as the research object, the paper shows a new kind of thermal insulation mortar using abandoned wheat straw as insulation aggregate and such as abandoned granite stone powder as admixture. Due to the appropriate and technical route, the paper thesis shows a good heat preservation and heat insulation performance of new recycling composite insulation mortar, through the theoretical analysis, physical test, numerical simulation and so on. This thesis has studied the thermal insulation performance, durability and various physical and mechanical properties.First of all, the paper explores the wheat straw alkali treatment method. The sugar in the wheat straw has inhibitory effect on cement hydration. It soaks wheat straw in different concentration of NaOH solution for different time with the mass loss rate of wheat straw sugar in the characterization of wheat straw material dissolution rate in the text. And it shows the wheat straw alkali treatment method by analyzing the mass loss of straw.Secondly, the paper discusses the influence of the wheat straw to the cement mortar. We get the results compared with no sample of straw, mixed with untreated sample of straw and alkali treatment straw samples by cement mortar test on strength properties. Compared to cement mortar with crude fiber, cement mortar with pretreatment fiber has higher fold the compression ratio and strength properties. It shows that wheat straw after alkali treatment can reduce the impact on the strength of cement base material, and can improve the material toughness. In addition, from the SEM photographs, the paper analysis cement hydration products’ appearance, explaining the mechanism of its intensity change of each sample. Third, through the orthogonal experiment, the paper analyzes the influence glazed hollow beads, wheat straw wheat straw, fly ash and sand on the mechanical properties and thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation mortar. And it shows the mix proportioning. The test and calculates provide data support for the subsequent mix optimization test.Fourth, according to the former mixture ratio, the paper shows a mix proportioning as the new base. And it carries on the single factor test. In the result, it studies the influence law of the wheat straw from the macroscopic properties and the SEM photographs. It gets two mix proportion of glazed hollow beads-wheat straw composite insulation mortar.Fifth, the thesis analysis the insulated wall thermal performance of the system by using ANSYS software based on sandwich straw discovers block wall. The calculation shows that the thermal insulation mortar can reduce thermal bridge site of the wall according to the wall temperature and heat flux.Finally, the thesis discusses the economic and social benefits glazed beads-wheat straw composite insulation mortar. The mortar conforms to the requirements of the construction strategy of saving and environment-friendly society in our country by using the wasted materials.This project is by supported by the2010science and technology project plan of housing and urban-rural development (2010-K1-27) and the Shandong province science and technology development program (2012GNC11401). The achievement are good for extending the application of the wheat straw in the field of construction, as well as providing data support for the next test and study. And it broadens the research train of thought.更多还原