航空港对城市经济增长的影响研究

【作者】 杨凡；

【导师】 马亚华；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 国民经济学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪，我国航空运输业快速发展，逐渐形成以北京、上海、广州为“鼎”型结构的上层枢纽体系。一般认为，航空港作为高级别的交通枢纽，具有汇聚高等级要素的能力，尤其是大型枢纽航空港，更是人流、物流、资金流、信息流的汇聚地。在知识经济时代和柔性化生产方式浪潮下，大型枢纽航空港的经济势能在不断提升，不仅仅为所在区域执行交通运输职能，而且作为一种特殊的区位优势对城市经济发展具有战略意义。近期，利用航空港区位优势，我国大批城市开始发展临空经济。那么，大规模的航空港和临空经济区建设是否有效促进了中国城市经济增长，这种增长是否具有长期效应，这显然是决定经济政策合理性的依据也是目前亟需解答的问题。为此，基于中国35个大中型城市1997—201丨年的面板数据，对航空港与城市经济增长之间的长期因果关系进行检验。研宄结果发现：在全样本情况下，我国大中型城市的航空港客流增长是城市长期经济增长的单向格兰杰原因。对样本进行分组再检验发现：直辖市和副省级城市的航空客流和物流均是城市长期经济增长的单向格兰杰原因，航空港是城市发展的内生因素，会促进城市经济的长期增长；其他省会城市仅存在城市经济增长至航空港客流长期增长的单向格兰杰因果关系，航空港只对城市经济具有短期效应。因此，航空港的规模大小、是否为枢纽将决定是用新古典经济增长理论还是内生增长理论去理解其对城市经济增长的意义。在新古典经济增长理论下，城市航空港只是城市经济增长的外生因素，它对城市经济增长率的影响将在长期内趋近于零，而在内生增长理论下，城市航空港是城市经济增长的内生因素，它对城市经济增长率的影响在长期内都会存在，从而航空港条件的差异将加剧城市经济的分异，航空网络的发展也将对城市体系的重构产生重要影响。而城市经济增长对航空运输的长期增长效应并不普遍，表明我国城市的经济产业结构对航空港和航空运输的依赖性还较弱。当地政府及相关部门应该综合考虑城市发展条件，合理规划利用航空港周边土地资源并布局相应产业，或许航空城将是未来都市经济増长的新引擎。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today in the21st century, Air transportation has experienced a rapidexpansion in our country： Gradually Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou formed anupper airline network structure system which shape looks like a Chinesecharacter-"ding". Airport is generally believed as a high-level transpotrationhub; it is more the center of flow of human, material and information. In the eraof knowledge-based economy and under the wave of the style of sotf andintelligent production, the position potential energy of large hub airports arecontinuously improving. The large hub airports are not only acted as a trafficnode for transportation function, but more as a special strategic locationadvantage of urban economic development. Recently, By taking use of theairport location advantages, a large number of cities began to develop airporteconomy in our country. In that way, we need to figure out whether theconstruction of large-scale hub airports and the airport economic zones iseffective in promoting China’s urban economic growth, and whether this kindof growth has an effect in a long-term. The problem needs to be answered inurgent and it is clearly the basis and rationality of the economic policies.Based on the urban panel data of35metropolitan cities from1997to2011,the paper provides an empirical analysis on the long-term causal relationshipbetween airport and city economic growth. The result shows that there is aunilateral Granger causal-effect from the growth of air passenger to the urbaneconomic growth in the35major cities. There is a unilateral Grangercausal-effect from the growth of air passenger and air cargo to the urbaneconomic growth in the municipalities and sub-provincial cities. Hub airport isthe endogenous factor to city economic growth, promoting the long-termgrowth. But there is a unilateral Granger causal-effect from the urban economicgrowth to the growth of air passenger in other capital cities; the small airportsjust have short-term effect. The discrepancy of airports will make us use thenew-classic growth theory or endogenous growth theory to comprehend the meaning of urban economic growth, and will intensify the city economicdifferentiation. The development of aviation network will have importantinfluence on urban system. The long-term causality from city economic growthto air transport is not common, possibly indicates that the industrial structure ofChinese metropolitan cities don’t have strong dependence on airfreighttransport. Considering the conditions of city development, the airport city willbe the new engine of the urban economic growth in the future, if thegovernments could plan airports and layout related industries reasonably.更多还原