【作者】 孙洁；

【导师】 杨奎松；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以苏州茶厂相关档案资料为依据,对1950年代工厂企业工资改革的情况进行梳理,由此分析工资改革给企业及其职工带来的利弊影响。建国之初,为了建立相对统一的工资制度以促进经济恢复,中央政府指示各大区先后独立开展了工资调整工作,并最终在部分企业建立了新工资制度。虽然改革在集体福利方面取得了一些成绩,但也造成很多职工收入的下降,积累了社会矛盾。随着政府对企业控制力的加强,执政者迫切希望建立全国统一的行业工资标准,以继续强化计划经济体制,解决遗留问题。随后开始的1956年工资改革基本实现了各行业工资制度的统一,确立了不同产业、不同性质的企业间及企业内不同岗位的职工间严格的工资等级界限,给各类人群带来了不同的影响。同时,政府通过工改对企业的控制到达顶峰,直接阻碍了工资改革和企业自身的发展,催生了权力环境的变化,造成政策扭曲,激发了更深层次的社会矛盾。大跃进时期,政府针对数量膨胀的新工人建立了“低水平”而相对平均的工资制度。受到政治运动的影响,此后的政府工资工作开始逐渐放弃经济运行规律,而向政治化的方向转变。“平均主义”成为企业维持正常生产秩序的保底策略,企业及其职工慢慢丧失了积极进取之心。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduces the situation of Factory Wage Reform in1950s, which is based on the information of Suzhou Tea Factor. And then, writer a-nalyzes the influence of the Wage Reform bring to the enterprise and its em-ployees. Shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, each administrative district began to adjust the wage system on the central govern-ment’s instructions, in order to promote economic recovery by establishing a relatively unified wage system. As a result, some enterprises had implemented thenew wage system. Although this reform stimulated the development of c-ollective welfare, the real income of many workers declined sharply and soci-al contradictions in the accumulation at the same time. With the Government gradually strengthened the control of enterprises, rulers were eager to streng-then the planned economic system and solve remaining problems of the first reform by uniting wage system. The wage reform from1956basically achie-ved unification of wage system that established a set of wage scale system and drew a line between different industries, enterprisesof different ownership, and workers of different positions in a factory. It brought different influence to different groups of people. On the other hand, the government’s control of companies has reach the top with the help of wage reform. This situation hindered wage reform and the development of enterprises, triggered changes of influence environment in factory, created a gross distortion in policy imp-lementation and stimulated deeper social contradictions. During the Great Lea-p Forward, the central government established a "low" but "flat" wage syste-m for new workers that were in a rapidly expansion.Under the impact of p-olitical movement, government gradually gave up the law of economic operat-ion in the process of wage adjustment, and political orientation was more ob-vious day by day."Equalitarianism" became a remedial strategy for maintaini-ng the order of production. Finally, enterprises and workers lost vitality.更多还原