【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 王德志；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 微博的出现打破了传统传媒的垄断与局限,使言论表达从集中化向分散化、个人化发展。作为新兴网络交流平台,微博已由单一的社交平台发展为涵盖公民生活各方面的综合性服务平台。微博的信息传播方式具有即时性、裂变性等特点,以其为平台的言论具有自由性、简明性、多样性、个性化等特点。微博的出现迎合了公民个人意识的觉醒和现代生活的需要,为新型网络公共领域的构建提供了技术支持。公民通过微博以言论表达方式参与政治及其他社会问题讨论、表达个人利益诉求和情感观念。为保障公民微博言论自由以促进我国民主宪政建设进程并建立起新型网络公共领域,微博言论的法律保护与规制体制建设势在必行。微博言论的法律保护与规制体现在我国法律体系的各个方面：宪法以根本大法形式对言论自由进行了确立和保障；刑法、民法通则、侵权责任法和治安管理处罚法等普通法律对微博侵权行为给予了规定；以行政法规和部门规章为主的信息网络法律体系针对网络言论特点为微博言论的保护和规制提供了依据；“两高”新出台的《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》对打击微博谣言、规范微博反腐做出了详尽规定。然而对于微博这一新兴网络媒介,我国的法律保护与规制体制总体仍存在较多立法空白并且严重缺乏系统性。本文通过对三个典型微博言论案例的分析,阐明了我国微博言论保护与规制过程中存在的诸多问题,包括法律规制的缺位、政府信息公开不足导致的信任危机、“网络推手”的危害、微博服务商缺乏管理与责任意识、网民自身素质欠缺和“网络暴力”依托微博平台的扩展等,为微博言论的法律保护和规制提供了依据和方向。通过对我国立法现状和具体案例的综合分析,可知我国微博言论的法律保护与规制主要存在立法缺位、政府规制不足以及微博和网民的自身缺陷三大问题。为解决上述问题,我国应从完善立法体系和建立新型规制体系两方面入手：首先依托本国宪法和国外先进经验,确立合理的立法原则并在此基础上逐步完善单独立法,建立起完整的保护与规制法律体系。其次,针对互联网和微博特性通过对政府、服务商和新闻媒体三者的综合规制,建立全面的新型规制体系,充分保障微博言论的自由性、平等性和有序性。通过对微博言论法律保护和规制体系的不断完善,我国将克服诸多现实弊端,将微博言论引导到促进社会和谐和民主建设的道路上来。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appearance of Micro-blogging breaks the monopoly and limitations of traditional media, making expression change from centralization to decentralization and individualization. As an emerging communication platform, Micro-blogging develops rapidly to be a comprehensive service platform for all aspects of civic life from a single platform for social networking. Its mode of information transmission has the characteristics of immediacy, fission and other characteristics, as its speech of micro-blogging platform has the characteristics of freedom, concision, diversity and individualization. The appearance of Micro-blog meets the needs of modern life and the awareness of individual citizens, providing technical support for building a new network of public areas.Citizens use the means of expression to participate in discussion about politics and other social issues and to express interest demands and emotional concepts on Micro-blog. In order to protect the citizens’freedom of speech on Micro-blog for achieving constitutional building and the establishment of new networks in public domain, it is imperative to strengthen the legal protection and regulations of micro-blogging speech. The legal protection and regulation of Micro-blogging speech is reflected in every aspect of our legal system:as the fundamental law, the Constitution has established and protected the freedom of speech; Criminal Law, Civil Law, Tort Law and Public Security Administration Law and other common laws all have provided provisions for micro-blogging infringement; the legal system of information network made up of administrative regulations and departmental rules provides a basis for the protection and regulations of micro-blogging speech regarding the characteristics of Internet speech; the Explanation on a Number of Issues about Handling Criminal Cases of Slander by Using Information Networks formulated by Supreme People’s Court and Supreme People’s Procuratorate made detailed provisions for fighting against micro-blogging rumors and regulating Micro-blogging anti-corruption.However, there is still a blank area and a lack of systematization in the whole legal protection and regulatory system of China concerning this emerging network media. Based on the analysis of three typical micro-blogging speech cases, this thesis states many problems in the process of micro-blogging speech protection and regulation, including the absence of regulations and laws, credit crisis caused by insufficient government information disclosure, harm of "Pushing Hands", absence of management and a sense of responsibility in micro-blogging service providing group, absence of quality in Internet users and the expansion of "Internet violence" relying on the micro-blogging platform. These analyses provide the basis and direction for legal protection and regulations of micro-blogging speech.Through a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of China’s legislation and specific cases, it can be seen that our legal protection and regulations of micro-blogging mainly have the following problems:absence of legislation, absence of government regulatory system and shortcomings of the users and micro-blogging. To deal with these problems, we should take actions by improving the legislative system and establishing a new regulatory system. Firstly, we should rely on the Constitution and advanced foreign experience to build reasonable legislative principle, gradually improving separate legislation to establish a complete legal protection and regulatory system. Secondly, based on the characteristics of the Internet and micro-blogging, we should establish a comprehensive new regulatory system through comprehensive regulation on the government, service providers and the media and provide adequate protection for the freedom, equality and orderliness of Micro-blogging speech. China will overcome all kinds of shortcomings by improving legal protection and regulation system of micro-blogging speech, to guide the micro-blogging speech to the road of promoting social harmony and democracy.更多还原