【作者】 李华；

【导师】 沙永柏； 王佳茜；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 机械工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 现代混凝土施工设备是保证混凝土工程质量的不可替代的设备,也是国家基本建设可持续发展的重要保证,其中混凝土泵送机械实现混凝土的快速输送与浇筑,能够保障工程建设的施工质量、提高施工效率、缩短工期、降低劳动强度,被广泛应用于交通、能源、水电、核电、建筑、国防工程等领域。目前使用最为广泛的混凝土泵送机械是活塞式混凝土泵,其通过双活塞式串联油缸的往复运动将粘稠混凝土介质输送到浇筑地点。随着建筑施工质量控制日趋严格,对泵送连续性、混凝土质量控制要求越来越高,从而对泵送设备的性能提出了严格的要求,包括更广的施工压力范围,及更长时间的持续工作能力,以确保施工质量的稳定性及浇筑施工的连续性。作为泵送设备的核心部件,串联油缸的性能特别是行程控制性能成为该类重点工程的技术瓶颈,主要是由于串联油缸在负载变化情况下流量差异大造成整体行程不稳定,进而导致泵送设备无法正常工作或异常磨损而导致施工中断甚至建筑报废。此外,在常规施工状态下,串联油缸的行程不稳定将造成因料缸无法吸满而引起的大量能量损耗与环境污染。本文以某公司的混凝土泵作为研究对象,以仿真平台为工具,搭建泵送系统试验平台,开展泵送油缸行程影响因素分析与优化方法研究。首先分析混凝土泵的组成与工作原理,特别是串联油缸行程的控制原理,得到油缸行程影响因素；然后应用动力学仿真软件AMESim搭建泵送系统仿真模型,基于搭建的泵送系统试验平台对仿真模型的准确性进行了验证,通过全工况模拟掌握各影响因素下泵送油缸行程的变化规律；最后基于仿真分析结论,结合实际工况设计了一种泵送油缸行程自调整液压系统,开发了一种行之有效的专家库与参数动态自调整相结合的泵送油缸行程主动优化控制方法,解决了复杂泵送工况下泵送油缸行程的稳定性问题,提高了泵送效率,降低了能量消耗。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern concrete equipment is irreplaceable in concrete construction, which is also the grantee of sustainable development in basic construction. Concrete pump is well known for fast concrete delivery and construct, which bring high quality, high efficiency, short working period, low labor forces and so on. Because of that it is wildly used in transportation, energy resource, water, electricity, nuclear, building and national security projects and so on.Currently, piston concrete pump is the most wildly used concrete pump machine which transport concrete material to delivery site by the back and forth movement of double series connection piston cylinder. As the continuously high demand for construction quality, pumping continuity, and concrete quality, there is a great need for high pumping performance which include wide working pressure, long working time, stable construction quality and continuity. As the key component of the concrete pump, the performance of the series connection cylinders, especially the stroke control has became the bottle neck for big projects. At such occasions, the big flow rate difference due to the load fluctuation in series connection cylinders causes unstable cylinder stroke, which lead to the malfunction of concrete equipment or unusual wear, eventually the working would be interrupted and sometimes the whole building would be destroyed. Besides during the work, the unstable cylinder stroke will cause un-fully concrete suction which will cause energy waste and environment pollution.In this thesis, the factors that effects pumping stroke and its optimization methods are researched. The pumping hydraulic system is build and simulated. At first the composition of concrete pump and its working principle are studied, especially the control principle of series connection cylinders, the factors that effects the pumping stroke is learned; then with the simulation model of pumping system in AMESim which is testified on pumping bench, the performance of pumping stroke at all working situations is learned; at last based on the conclusion of simulation analysis, a new pumping stroke self-adjusting hydraulic system is designed and an effective date base and corresponding matching mechanism is established which solve the pumping steady problem in complex pumping situations, improve the pumping efficiency and cut the energy losses.更多还原