【作者】 方敏；

【导师】 罗松涛；

【作者基本信息】 北京师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在巴迪欧的哲学巨著《存在与事件》中，他怀疑和批判了几乎全部的后现代哲学：他用普遍性的“真理”对抗后现代的相对主义和虚无主义；用偶然性的“事件”来言说资本主义秩序下政治解放的可能性；用革命性的“主体”重新拾起主体之为主体的意义。在全球资本主义盛行的时代，哲学界是否还能为我们寻找一条资本主义以外的出路呢？在某种程度上，巴迪欧的《存在与事件》似乎让我们在暗夜中看到了新世界中“主体”诞生的希望。以《存在与事件》为基础，本文意在通过还原巴迪欧的“主体”思想在历史与现实的视域中应运而生的过程，探讨巴迪欧是如何创造性地运用前人的哲学范畴来寻找新的主体理论，以彰显其主体理论在当今时代中的重要意义。巴迪欧的主体思想并不是一个全新的主题，本文首先对主体理论进行思想上的溯源，其主体理论的阐发不仅是忠诚于法国1968年“五月风暴”，也继承了20世纪法国哲学界主体哲学的理论遗志，更是面对当代病态资本主义的诉求与响应。在《存在与事件》中，“主体”的出场是以“事件”为前提的，因此，本文第二章节主要以数学本体论为基础作事件本体的建构。根据巴迪欧的理论指向，本文将遵循两条线索来展开理论的探讨：一是借助于康托尔集合论的灵感，巴迪欧提出了独创性命题“数学=本体论”；二是在集合论的视域中，重新界定自古希腊以来哲学家们所谈论的“多”与“一”的关系，即“多”先于“一”而存在。在这里，本文还将实现由集合话语向现实话语的转向，即探讨巴迪欧如何用集合的话语来阐发社会历史领域中事件的产生。在此基础上，本文的第三章将着重论述历史领域中主体在真理-事件中的出场，并结合巴迪欧的共产主义设想，将巴迪欧的主体理论置于当代资本主义统治的大背景下进行思考，以凸显其在当前后现代解构主义和后结构主义所宣称的主体已不存在的话语氛围中的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a rising new star among contemporary French philosophers, Baiou bluntly doubts andcriticizes almost all the post-modern thoughts in his philosophical masterpiece Being and Event.More detailed, he directly fights against post-modern relativism and nihilism by re-adopting theidea of universal Truth; he explores an feasible access to overthrowing the capitalist order bycreatively proposing the concept of Event; what’s more, he renews the meaning and importanceof contemporary Subject. In the era of global Capitalism, is there a way out of Capitalism?Anyway, Badiou’s Being and Event seems to attempt to illuminate us with the rebirth of Subject.Based on the interpretation of Being and Event, this paper is intended to reappear theemergence of his thinking about Subject, and then analyze how Badiou innovatively takesadvantage of former philosophies to elucidate his thoery of subject as well as highlighting theimportance of his idea for present. In order to catch a comprehensive moment of “Badiou”, theChapter One traces the roots of his subject theory in the complex background. His theoreticalexposition is not only loyal to the French May Flower, succeeds the theoretical heritage of the20thcentury French philosophy about Subject, but also firmly responds to the contemporarydecadent capitalism. According to Badiou, the emergence of subject is on the premise of eruptionof events. As a result, Chapter Two mainly discusses the ontology construction of Event which isbased on the mathematical ontology. In the light of Badiou’s theoretical clues, on the one hand,this paper will focus on the original proposition, that is “mathematics=ontology”, with the inspiration of Cantor’s Set Theory. On the other hand, this paper will retrieve how Badiouredefines the relationship between the One and the Multiple which had long been discussed sinceancient Greek. As a consequence, Badiou comes up with the conclusion that Multiple is prior tothe One. What should be mentioned here is that the intergration of mathematics and philosphywill be achieved by explaining the eruption of social event in the discourse of Set theory. At last,Chapter Three will emphasize the coming of subject in the background of truth-event. What’smore, combined with Badiou’s communist hypothesis, this paper will set Badiou’s subject theoryunder the present rule of capitalism, which is helpful to locate Badiou and his subject theory, aswell as shows a rebirth of subject to against the death of post-mordern deconstructionism andpost-structralism.更多还原