【作者】 刘晶；

【导师】 史冰岩；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 语用预设是说话人在说话前对语境所做的设想。语用预设和说话人紧密地联系在一起，是说话人的预设。语用预设对语境具有依赖性，它存在于整个上下文的交际语境之中。因此，要结合语境才能理解语用预设的真正涵义。侦探小说以其曲折离奇的故事情节引人入胜。而侦探在案件侦破过程中所展现的分析力和判断力更是令人惊叹。运用语用预设理论将侦探推理判断的过程加以分析和解释，有助于展现作者如何设置悬念、塑造人物形象、增强小说的吸引力。本文以Stalnaker的语用预设理论和Levinson关于预设触发语的理论为基础对柯南·道尔的《福尔摩斯冒险史》中的语用预设现象进行研究。本文采用定性与定量相结合的研究方法，以《福尔摩斯冒险史》中的对话及文本为语料进行分析，研究语用预设如何在小说悬念的设置、推理过程的处理中起到关键作用，以及研究语用预设在侦探小说中的特点和功能。语用预设在小说中的出现频率很高。本文分别从词汇、句法和语篇三个层面对小说中的预设现象进行分析。在词汇和句法层面，根据Levinson对预设触发语的分类对小说中预设触发语的使用频率和分布特点进行分析和概括。在语篇层面，本文对人物身份预设、案发过程预设和社会文化背景预设这三个方面以及它们在语篇中的特点和功能进行分析。研究发现，词汇层面的预设触发语的使用频率高于句法层面的预设触发语。在词汇触发语中，确定性的描述词语使用频率最高，其次是动词和表示反复的虚词。在句法层面中，疑问句的使用频率最高，断裂句的使用频率最低。时间状语从句和表示比较和对比的结构的使用频率比较接近。语用预设在小说中具有重要的作用。语用预设使侦探小说对话中的语言更加简洁，关键信息更加突出；语用预设有助于刻画侦探福尔摩斯的典型形象；小说中的预设冲突有助于推动情节的发展；语用预设有助于设置小说悬念、吸引读者兴趣。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pragmatic presupposition is the assumption made by the speaker about the contextbefore he/she speaks. Pragmatic presupposition is the speaker‘s presupposition becauseit is closely related to the speaker. Pragmatic presupposition depends on the context; itexists in the communicative context during the whole conversation. Therefore, in orderto understand the true implied meaning of pragmatic presupposition, it is necessary tolink it with the context. The detective story is fascinating with its complicated andstrange plots. The abilities of analysis and judgment showed by the detective during theprocess of investigation are amazing. Analyzing and explaining the detective‘s inferenceand judgment process by using the theories of pragmatic presupposition can help topresent how the author sets the suspense, portrays the image of characters, and enhancesthe attractions of the story.This thesis studies the phenomenon of pragmatic presupposition in Arthur ConanDoyle‘s The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes based on the pragmatic presuppositiontheories of Stalnaker and Levinson‘s theories of presupposition triggers. The qualitativeresearch and the quantitative analysis are both adopted in this thesis to analyze thedialogues and the text in the story. These studies reveal how the pragmaticpresupposition plays the key role in the process of setting suspense and dealing with theinferences. The characteristics and the functions of pragmatic presupposition are alsopresented in this thesis. Pragmatic Presupposition appears frequently in the story. Thephenomenon of pragmatic presupposition in the story is studied based on three levels:the lexical level, the syntactic level and the discourse level. On the lexical and thesyntactic level, according to Levinson‘s classification about the presupposition triggers,the frequency and the distribution characteristics of the presupposition triggers in thestory are analyzed and generalized. On the discourse level, the identity presupposition,the criminal process presupposition and the social-cultural background presuppositionas well as their features and functions are discussed respectively.The results of the studies show that the presupposition triggers on the lexical levelare more frequently adopted than the syntactic level presupposition triggers. Among thelexical triggers, the definite descriptions have the highest frequency, followed by theverbs and the iterative particles. On the syntactic level, questions have the highest frequency while the cleft sentences have the lowest frequency. The temporal clauses andthe comparative structures have the similar frequency. Pragmatic presupposition hasvital functions in the story. It makes the languages of the detective story more concise,the key information is thus highlighted. The Pragmatic presuppositions in the dialoguescan help portray the image of Sherlock Holmes more successfully. What‘s more, theplots in the story are developed through the presupposition conflicts. Finally, pragmaticpresuppositions can help set the suspense and attract readers‘interests.更多还原