【作者】 赵斌；

【导师】 宋宏伟；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 防灾减灾工程及防护工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 房柱采矿法具有建井工期短、投资少、适用于较复杂地质条件等优点，其结构参数的研究是一个很重要的课题，结构参数不合理会导致采场失稳而发生灾变等问题。在煤矿、石膏矿等常规矿体中，房柱开采的研究较多，而对特殊矿体中房柱的应力、变形以及结构参数的研究很少，没有可以借鉴的经验。本文以一个特殊矿体采矿工程为依托，通过理论分析、数值模拟等手段，结合松动圈和压力拱理论，对采矿房柱的应力和变形规律进行了深入研究，根据采空区房柱的应力和变形特点，提出了特殊矿体采场的合理房柱结构参数建议，具体研究内容包括以下几个方面：（1）通过数值模拟，分析了在特殊矿体房柱法开采时采场的应力与变形规律，可知矿房的开挖只对同一排房柱的稳定性影响较大，中间房柱的稳定性最差。（2）采用正交试验安排，通过数值模拟分析了埋深、矿房宽度、矿房高度以及矿房长度影响因素对房柱稳定性的影响。分析可知矿房顶板沉降与四个因素均相关，矿房顶部松动圈厚度主要取决于矿房宽度，矿柱竖向应力集中系数主要取决于矿房高度和宽度，并得到了各影响因素的回归公式。（3）采用数值模拟，通过松动圈稳定性评价标准和矿柱破坏机理，分析了不同间排距下矿房顶部松动圈厚度和矿柱应力的变化规律，进而提出了合理矿房间距为7m、排距为6m的建议。并通过分析采场总矿房数量的变化对房柱稳定性的影响可知：采场总矿房数量的变化对矿柱稳定性影响较大，对矿房稳定性影响较小。（4）进一步分析了双层房柱采空区的应力与变形规律，提出了矿柱为完全重叠、一半重叠、不重叠时对应的合理隔层厚度值分别为8m、10m、14m的建议。并分析了矿柱重叠率对采空区稳定性的影响，可知矿柱重叠率越高，采空区越稳定。在此基础上，又分析了多层房柱的应力和变形特点，得到最底层房柱稳定性最差的结论。（5）根据研究所得的结论，提出了某一特殊矿体的合理采场结构参数建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Room-and-pillar method has many advantages such as short well construction period,less investment, suitable to complicated geological conditions and so on. It’s structureparameters research is a very important subject，the unreasonable structural parameterswill lead to the unstability problem of stope. There are many studies on the stress,deformation and structure parameters in the coal，gypsum mine and other conventionalore，but we have no experience on the special rock ore.This paper based on a special ore mining project，thorough researched the stress anddeformation of bord and pillar with the theory of broken rock zone and the view ofpressure arch. Reasonable structure parameters is proposed and the main research contentsare as follows:(1) Through the numerical simulation, analysis the stress and deformation of bordand pillar when mining, the excavation only affect the stability of the same row of bordand pillars, and the stability of middle bord and pillar is the worst.(2) By orthogonal test, analysis the influence of the buried depth, bord width, bordheight and bord length on the stability of bord and pillar. We get the conclusion that bordroof subsidence is related with four factors, broken rock zone thickness mainly depends onbord width, and pillar vertical stress concentration factor mainly depends on bord heightand width, and get the regression function of the influence factors.(3) Through the theory of broken rock zone and pillar failure mechanism, analysis thevariation of broken rock zone thickness and pillar vertical stress concentration by differentpillar size, the reasonable pillar size are7m and6m. Then, analysis the effect on stopestability from bord numbers, we can know the change of bord number mainly affect thestability of pillar.(4) Further, analysis the stress and deformation law of double bord and pillar, we canknow the reasonable interlayer thickness are8m,10m,14m for different pillar overlappingrate. The pillar overlapping rate higher mined-out area more stable. Then, analysis thestress and deformation law for layers of bord and pillar, wen can know the stability ofbottom bord and pillar is the worst.(5) Put forward reasonable structure parameters for a special ore according to theresearch conclusions.更多还原