【作者】 陈世彪；

【导师】 许生成； 张君；

【作者基本信息】 青海大学 ， 基础兽医， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 牦牛是低繁殖率的牛科动物，大部分牦牛繁殖周期为两年一胎，由于超载过牧，草场退化等原因，牦牛采食量不足，繁殖率下降，繁殖周期延长，这些因素已严重影响到牦牛养殖业的健康发展。本试验研究通过采用外源性激素调控“下丘脑-垂体-性腺”生殖轴为目标，结合围产期母牦牛营养状况，进行相关调控试验研究，对比不同靶位调控效果，筛选产后乏情母牦牛诱导发情调控的有效方法，确定出最佳诱导发情处理方案。试验设计：①试验一对80头产后乏情母牦牛用三合激素（ITC）进行诱导发情处理，另有60头母牦牛作对照，观察生殖激素调控卵巢后诱导发情效果；②试验二对90头产后乏情母牦牛用孕激素阴道栓（CIDR）结合氯前列烯醇（PG）进行诱导发情处理，另有60头母牦牛作对照，观察生殖激素调控垂体后诱导发情效果；③试验三对140头产后乏情母牦牛用促性腺激素释放激素结合氯前列烯醇（GnRH+PG+GnRH）作为调控下丘脑的处理方案，观察生殖激素调控下丘脑后诱导发情效果；④试验四分别对体况在2.0以下的86头及体况在2.0以上的80头围产期母牦牛用0.5㎏和1㎏两种方案补饲，观察母牦牛产后发情周期恢复情况；⑤每组试验母牦牛在处理前后抽样采血，每组随机抽样10头，通过ADVIA Centaur CP系统用化学发光法测定母牦牛样本血清（血浆）中雌激素和孕酮含量及变化。试验结果表明：①采用三合激素（ITC）调控处理母牦牛后，发情率及受胎率分别为95%（76/80）和5%（4/80），而对照组发情率及受胎率均为3.33%（2/60），试验组发情率比对照组提高91.67个百分点，受胎率基本一致。经检验，试验组与对照组之间发情率差异极显著（P<0.01），而受胎率之间差异不显著（P＞0.05），说明采用三合激素调控卵巢诱导发情虽然发情率极高，但受胎率偏低；②采用孕激素阴道栓（CIDR）结合氯前列烯醇（PG）处理母牦牛后，发情率和受胎率分别为44.44%（40/90）和46.67%（42/90），分别比对照组提高41.11个百分点和43.34个百分点，经检验，试验组与对照组发情率及受胎率之间差异较显著（P<0.05）；③采用促性腺激素释放激素结合氯前列烯醇（GnRH+PG+GnRH）处理母牦牛后，发情率及受胎率分别为48.57%（68/140）和52.14%（73/140），分别比对照组提高45.24个百分点和48.81个百分点，经检验，试验组与对照组发情率及受胎率之间差异较显著（P<0.05）；④围产期母牦牛采取补饲方案后，体况在2.0以下母牦牛补饲0.5㎏的发情率为4.65%、补饲1㎏的发情率为17.50%；体况在2.0以上母牦牛补饲0.5㎏的发情率为26.74%、补饲1㎏的发情率30%，经检验，试验组与对照组比较，体况在2.0以下母牦牛补饲0.5㎏，两者之间发情率差异不显著（P＞0.05），而体况在2.0以下母牦牛补饲1㎏以及体况在2.0以上母牦牛补饲0.5㎏和1㎏时，发情率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；⑤通过对试验组及对照组母牦牛的血样检测，采用三合激（ITC）处理后，试验组母牦牛样本血清（浆）中孕酮及雌激素含量分别为1.61±0.54和193.49±48.84；而对照组含量分别为：0.19±0.12和60.33±39.63。经检验，试验组与对照组孕酮及雌激素含量差异极显著（P<0.01）。采用孕激素阴道栓+前列腺素（CIDR+PGF2a）处理后，试验组母牦牛样本血清（浆）中孕酮及雌激素含量分别为0.56±0.48和121.65±7.22；经检验，试验组与对照组孕酮含量差异不显著（P＞0.05），雌激素含量差异极显著（P<0.01）。采用GnRH+PGF2a+GnRH激素组合处理后，试验组母牦牛样本血清（浆）中孕酮及雌激素含量分别为0.77±0.39和122.68±7.71；经检验，试验组与对照组孕酮及雌激素含量差异显著（P<0.05）。试验结果表明：采用促性腺激素释放激素结合氯前列烯醇（GnRH+PG+GnRH）处理产后乏情母牦牛，诱导发情效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yak is a belongs to bovine with low reproduction rate. Most of the yaksbreeding cycle are calf for two years. Due to overloaded, grassland degradation, theyak intake is insufficient, reproduction rate fell, the breeding cycle extended, has theserious influence to the healthy development of yak breeding production.This experimental studied by using exogenous hormones regμlation “thehypothalamus-pituitary-the gonads” reproductive axis as the goal, combined withnutritional status of perinatal yaks, to carry on the experimental study on the relatedregμlation about reproductive axis,comparing different control effect, the screeningof effective method about postpartum female yak estrus reproduction control of thesituation of lack, and determined the best treatment scheme.experiment designed:(1)To80when producing spent season female yaks withtriad hormone induced estrus (ITC), and another60female yaks and observe estruseffect after ovarian reproductive hormone regμlation in test1.(2)To90whenproducing spent season female yaks with progesterone vaginal suppository (CIDR)combined with high chlorine enol estrus (PG), and compare which with another60female yaks, to observe the therapeutic effects reproductive hormones regμlation ofpituitary after estrus in test2.(3)To140when producing spent season female yakswith gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH+PG+GnRH) as control processingscheme of the hypothalamus, to observe the therapeutic effects reproductivehormones regμlation of pituitary after estrusin test3.(4)Respectively to the86yaks ofbody condition below2.0and the80yaks of body condition more than2.0ofperinatal yak with0.5㎏, and1㎏supplementary feeding, observe female yakpostpartum recovery estrus cycle in test4.(5)Female yak by grouped before and afterthe experiment in each group in the treatment of blood sampling, random sampling of10in each group, throμgh the ADVIA Centaur CP system measured female yaksample serum (plasma) and the concentration of estrogen and progesterone inchanged by using chemiluminescence method about test5.The experimental resμlts showed that Triad hormone (ITC) regμlation after treatment of female yak that heat rate and conception rate were95%（76/80） and5%(4/80)respectively, while the control group4first estrus, impregnation4head, heatrate and conception rate is3.33%, experimental group estrus rate is91.67%higherthan that of control group, the similar conception rate.By the statistic analysis ofrutting rate that extremely significant difference between experimental group andcontrol group (P<0.01), while no significant difference between conception rate (P>0.05), althoμgh used the triad of ovarian hormone regμlation in estrus estrus rate wasextremely high, but the conception rate was low, only5%.Using progesterone vaginalsuppository (CIDR) combined with high chlorine enol (PG) after treatment of yak,heat rate and the impregnation rate were44.44%(40/90)and46.67%(42/90)respectively,41.11%and43.34%higher than that of control group respectively, thestatistical analysis, experimental group and control group is significant differencebetween heat rate and conception rate (P<0.05). By the combined chlorine forefrontgonadotropin-releasing hormone enol (GnRH+PG+GnRH) after treatment of yak,heat rate and conception rate were48.57%(68/140) and52.14%(73/140)respectively,45.24%and48.81%higher than that of control group respectively, the statisticalanalysis, experimental group and control group is significant difference between heatrate and conception rate (P<0.05). Perinatal yaks to take supplementary feeding,thefemale yak of body condition below2.0supplementary feeding0.5㎏heat at a rateof4.65%, supplementary feeding1㎏heat at a rate of17.50%; the female yak ofbody condition above2.0supplementary feeding0.5㎏heat at a rate of26.74%,supplementary feeding1㎏estrus rate is30%, the test statistic analysis, theexperimental group compared with control group, body condition below2.0femaleyak supplementary feeding0.5㎏, estrus rate between the difference was notsignificant (P>0.05), and the female yak of body condition below2.0supplementaryfeeding1㎏, body condition above2.0female yak supplementary feeding㎏0.5and1㎏, estrus rate between significant difference (P<0.05).Throμgh theexperimental group and control group of female yak blood sample testing, adoptintegrative shock (ITC) after processing, the experimental group female yak samplesof progesterone and estrogen content in serum (plasma) were1.61±0.54and1.61±48.84;Content and the control group, respectively,0.19±0.12and60.33±39.63.By t test, the test group and control group of progesterone and estrogen is extremelysignificant difference (P <0.01).Using progesterone vaginal suppository+prostaglandin (CIDR+PGF2a) after processing, the experimental group female yaksamples of progesterone and estrogen content in serum (plasma) were0.56±0.48and0.56±7.22;By t test, the test group and control group of progesterone contentdifference was not significant (P>0.05), estrogen is extremely significant difference(P <0.01).GnRH+PGF2a+GnRH hormone combination after processing, theexperimental group female yak samples of progesterone and estrogen content inserum (plasma) was0.77±0.39and0.39±7.71, respectively.With the control groupby t test, group of progesterone and estrogen is significant difference (P <0.05).Experimental resμlts show that by the combined chlorine forefrontgonadotropin-releasing hormone enol (GnRH+PG+GnRH) treatment of postpartumspent mother yaks, estrus works best.更多还原