【作者】 杨帆；

【导师】 严林；

【作者基本信息】 青海大学 ， 草业科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 白刺隶属蒺藜科(Zygophyllceae)白刺属(Nitraria)灌木,青海省有3种，主要分布在柴达木盆地腹地的都兰、乌兰、德令哈等地区的沙地、盐碱地带，面积约有25万公顷，为平原荒漠草地的优势固沙植物种类。近年来柴达木白刺遭受到过去极少见到或从未报道过的多种害虫的严重危害，甚至大面积爆发成灾。有效控制白刺害虫猖獗危害是目前生产亟待解决的问题。本文对德令哈地区野生白刺林内的节肢动物群落进行了调查，同时对危害白刺属植物的主要害虫的为害规律、生物学特性、防治指标及防治技术等方面进行了研究，得出以下结论：1、德令哈地区白刺林内节肢动物群落的基本组成：初步统计到德令哈地区白刺林内节肢动物群落由2纲10目44科82种组成，主要害虫有2种，即古毒蛾（Orgyia antique）和白刺夜蛾（Leiometopon siyrides），常见害虫有拟步甲（Tenebrionidae）、卷叶蛾(Tortricidae)等，食虫虻(Tabanidae)、蜘蛛(Arancae)和蜻蜓（Odonata）为主要天敌，并从死虫体内分离得到了一种病原微生物，学名待定。2、通过野外观察和室内饲养，初步掌握了白刺主要害虫——古毒蛾和白刺夜蛾的生物学特性及发生规律。古毒蛾以幼虫取食白刺叶片进行为害，该虫在德令哈地区一年发生一代，每年6月为其幼虫发生盛期，8月下旬产卵结束，以卵越冬；白刺夜蛾一年发生2代，第一代幼虫危害较轻，以第二代的危害较为严重，幼虫发生盛期为每年的7月，9月中下旬入土化蛹越冬。3、测产试验表明，古毒蛾虫口密度与白刺鲜草产量呈显著相关，随着古毒蛾虫口密度的增加，白刺鲜草草产量明显降低。初步确定了古毒蛾的防治指标为12.53头/m2,并得出古毒蛾的经济允许水平为4.33%。4、通过田间药效试验，筛选出几种适合的生物药剂：阿维菌素乳油、类产碱、草毒蛾，单剂使用时，阿维菌素乳油的浓度宜选择6000倍和8000倍，类产碱和草毒蛾宜选择3000倍以上浓度，其3000倍液的7天校正防效可达100%。使用混剂时，阿维菌素、氯氰菊酯、类产碱和草毒蛾两两进行混配,效果均较好，各药剂不同浓度7天的校正防效没有显著差异，都可以在田间施用。5、初步确立了德令哈地区白刺优势害虫总体防治策略为：1）了解白刺主要害虫的生物学特性及危害习性，掌握最佳防治时期,古毒蛾的防治时间宜选择在6月中、下旬进行，白刺夜蛾的防治时间可选择在第二代幼虫的发生盛期，即8月下旬进行；2）化学防治与生物防治结合，选择适当的生物药剂如类产碱、草毒蛾及阿维菌素等，可有效控制白刺害虫的危害。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are three species Nitraria in Qinghai Province, it belongs to Zygophyllceae Nitraria, mainlydistributed in Dulan, Wulan, Delingha of Qaidam Basin. It occupies about250,000hectares and isan important sand-fixation shrub of desert and semi-desert. In recent years, we have observed thatthe damage of some insects on Nitraria vegetation is very serious. So ecological data and biologyare important to understand and determine damage levels, to forecast the population dynamic andappearance of the pest per stage, to develop integrated pest management programs and to constructnew types of control methods. In this thesis, the community of arthropod in Nitraria field inDelingha was investigated; the occurrence, bionomics, the control index and the controltechnology of the major pests were studied. The results were as follows:1. The community of arthropod on Nitraria field in Delingha is composed of2classes,10orders,44families,82species. There are two major pest species: Orgyia antique and Leiometoponsiyrides in this area. There are two species common pests, and carnivorous horsefly, dragonfly andspider are the major natural enemy. A kind of pathogenic microbiology was isolated from thedeath worm, no named.2．Through investigation in field and feeding observation in lab, the biology characteristic andpopulation dynamics of the major pests are known. Orgyia antique depleted the defoliations of theNitraria as larvae; it is a univotine moth in Delingha and occurred seriously in June every year.Itlaid eggs end in late August and overwintering as eggs in the cocoons. Leiometopon siyrides hastwo generation a year in Delingha, the second generation larvae attacked more seriously than thefirst generation, and occurred most seriously in July every year, overwintering as pupae in the soilin late September.3．The losing rate tests showed that: the Orgyia antique’s population density is correlationsignificantly with the wet mass of the Nitraria vegetation, with increasing of the Orgyia antique’sdensity, the yield is reduced obviously. The control index to Orgyia antique is12.53larva/m2, andits Economic Injury Levels (EIL) was4.33%.4．The controlling pest experiment was made to the lavaes of Orgyia antique, several biologicalinsecticides were selected, they are the Abamectin, Leichanjian and Caodue. The result showedthat the Abamectin should be6000to8000times, the Leichanjian and Caodue should be3000times, the emendation effect was100%in7days. When the Abamectin and theAlphacypermethrin, the Abamectin and the Leichanjian, the Abamectin and the Caodue, et al weremixed, the effects are all very well, so they can be used to the pests of the Nitraria.5．The total control strategy to the major pests on the Nitraria shrub in Delingha area wassuggested:1)Known the major pest’s biology characteristic and population dynamic regularity,and the optimum control time;2)Chemical control technology combined with biological controltechnology, selected appropriate biological insecticide to control the insect pest on the Nitrariashrub effectively.更多还原